The sex ratio at birth (SRB) in Haryana has reached a concerning low of 905 in 2024. This figure marks an 11-point drop from the previous year and is the lowest since 2016. The state struggles with an important gender imbalance, far from the World Health Organization’s ideal of 950. Districts such as Gurugram and Rewari exhibit particularly alarming figures, denoting a persistent cultural preference for male children.
Current Statistics and Trends
Haryana’s SRB has deteriorated over the past few years. The worst-performing districts include Gurugram (859), Rewari (868), and Charkhi Dadri (873). Despite previous improvements following the Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao initiative in 2015, the trend has reversed since 2020. This decline indicates an ongoing issue with female foeticide and a strong preference for sons.
Factors Contributing to the Decline
Cultural attitudes influence the declining sex ratio. Many families in Haryana still believe that sons are preferable due to perceived economic benefits and social status. This mindset perpetuates the cycle of gender bias. Additionally, issues with the state’s registration portal have led to discrepancies in birth registrations, further complicating the situation.
The Role of Neighbouring States
Due to strict regulations in Haryana, illegal sex determination and female foeticide have shifted to neighbouring states like Delhi and Punjab. Residents travel to these areas for gender-selective services, exploiting loopholes in the law. This trend marks the need for a comprehensive approach to address gender bias across state borders.
Government Initiatives and Challenges
The Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao campaign aimed to improve the SRB. While initial results were promising, the lack of sustained impact suggests that deeper societal changes are necessary. Continuous monitoring and stricter enforcement of laws against gender selection are crucial. However, the declining SRB indicates that these efforts have not yet resulted in lasting change.
Societal Attitudes and Economic Implications
The preference for sons is deeply rooted in societal norms. Many families fear that daughters may bring dishonour or require dowries. This perspective not only affects the sex ratio but also leads to a shortage of brides for the male population. The economic implications are important, as a gender imbalance can lead to social unrest and increased competition for marriage prospects among men.
Questions for UPSC:
- Critically examine the impact of cultural attitudes on the declining sex ratio in Haryana.
- Discuss the effectiveness of the Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao campaign in addressing gender bias.
- Explain the role of neighbouring states in perpetuating female foeticide practices.
- With suitable examples, discuss the socio-economic consequences of a declining sex ratio in India.
