The Indian Star Tortoise (Geochelone elegans) has recently been the subject of a pivotal study. This research has brought alarming revelations to light, indicating that the species is being significantly impacted by illegal trade and unscientific translocations. These harmful practices are leading to substantial losses in the genetic diversity and habitat of these tortoises.
The Importance of a Conservation Strategy
To mitigate the issues of fragmented distribution that this species is grappling with, the research makes an urgent plea for the implementation of a proper conservation strategy. It emphasizes the necessity of conducting intensive genetic screening of Indian Star Tortoise to pave the way for scientific breeding.
Key Facts about the Indian Star Tortoise
These tortoises are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. They predominantly inhabit the central and southern regions of India, as well as West Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Their territorial preferences extend to dry, open habitats including grasslands, scrub forests, and rocky outcroppings.
Dual Threats to the Species
Today, the Indian Star Tortoise is fighting a two-pronged battle for survival. On one hand, it faces threats to its habitat. Accelerated levels of urbanization and shifts in agricultural practices have greatly impacted its once uninterrupted home range. On the other hand, its genetic diversity has dwindled, largely due to uncontrolled hybridization over the years.
Illegal Trade and Wildlife Crime
The international pet market contributes heavily to the plight of the Indian Star Tortoise. As per the Wildlife Crime Control Bureau, a staggering 90% of all Star Tortoise trades occur within this market, resulting in further damage to the already delicate situation.
Protection Status of Indian Star Tortoise
Despite its challenges, the Indian Star Tortoise is categorized as ‘Vulnerable’ by the IUCN Red List. It also falls under Schedule IV of the Wild Life Protection Act 1972, which implies that while it is a protected species, penalties for violations are less severe than those listed under Schedules I and II. Furthermore, it is classified under Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Species (CITES).
UPSC Civil Services Examination Question
A relevant example in context is a previous UPSC Civil Services Examination question from 2013. The question listed the Star tortoise, Monitor lizard, Pygmy hog, and Spider monkey, and asked candidates to identify which among these are naturally found in India. The correct answer was: Star tortoise, Monitor lizard, and Pygmy hog.
