Illustrations in the Constitution of India

The Constitution of India features 22 unique illustrations that are integral to its historical significance. These illustrations, created by renowned artist Nandalal Bose and his team, depict various scenes from Indian history and culture. The illustrations have sparked discussions in Parliament regarding their presence in copies of the Constitution sold to the public.

Historical Context of the Illustrations

The illustrations were commissioned in October 1949, just before the signing of the Constitution. They reflect India’s rich history, from the Indus Valley civilisation to events in the freedom struggle. The artwork represents not just the Constitution but a vision of India’s identity.

Creation Process

Nandalal Bose, a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi, was chosen for this task due to his artistic reputation. He collaborated with family members and fellow artists to create these visuals. The illustrations were designed to complement the text, although they do not directly correlate with it.

Artistic Elements

Bose’s illustrations showcase various themes. They include scenes from the Ramayana and Mahabharata, representations of historical figures, and elements of Indian geography. The Bull Seal from the Indus Valley is the first illustration, symbolising India’s ancient heritage.

Significance of Specific Illustrations

Each illustration serves a purpose. For example, the depiction of Mahatma Gandhi marks his role in India’s independence. The portrayal of Rani Lakshmibai represents women’s contributions to the freedom struggle. Other figures like Chhatrapati Shivaji and Guru Gobind Singh illustrate India’s diverse historical narratives.

Contemporary Relevance

The absence of these illustrations in many commercially available copies of the Constitution has raised concerns. The Rajya Sabha Chairman emphasised that the signed copy, complete with illustrations, is the only authentic version. This marks the importance of preserving India’s cultural heritage.

Art and National Identity

The illustrations reflect a broader narrative of Indian nationalism. They bring together various cultural and historical elements, encouraging a sense of unity. This artistic representation reinforces the values enshrined in the Constitution.

Preservation of Illustrations

The original illustrated copies are preserved in a special case in the Indian Parliament Library. This preservation puts stress on the importance of these artworks in understanding India’s constitutional history.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the role of art in shaping national identity in post-independence India.
2. What is the significance of the Preamble in the Constitution of India? Explain its historical context and relevance.
3. What are the contributions of Nandalal Bose to Indian art? Discuss his influence on modern Indian artists.
4. Comment on the importance of preserving historical documents and artworks in a democratic society. What challenges do they face?

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the role of art in shaping national identity in post-independence India.

1. Art serves as a medium for expressing cultural diversity and unity, reflecting India’s pluralism.
2. Through historical depictions, art reinforces narratives of independence and national pride.
3. Artists like Nandalal Bose have contributed to a visual language that embodies Indian identity.
4. Artistic representations in public spaces promote awareness of national history and values.
5. Contemporary art movements continue to influence national identity by addressing social issues and aspirations.

2. What is the significance of the Preamble in the Constitution of India? Explain its historical context and relevance.

1. The Preamble outlines the fundamental values and principles of the Constitution, such as justice, liberty, and equality.
2. It reflects the aspirations of the Indian people following independence in 1947.
3. Historically, it serves as an introduction to the Constitution, setting the tone for its interpretation.
4. The Preamble has been cited in numerous Supreme Court judgments, emphasizing its legal significance.
5. It embodies the spirit of the nation, guiding future legislative and judicial actions.

3. What are the contributions of Nandalal Bose to Indian art? Discuss his influence on modern Indian artists.

1. Nandalal Bose was a pioneer of modern Indian art, blending traditional and contemporary styles.
2. His work in illustrating the Constitution marks the integration of art with national identity.
3. Bose’s involvement in the Bengal School of Art inspired a generation of artists to explore Indian themes.
4. He emphasized the importance of indigenous art forms, influencing movements like the Progressive Artists’ Group.
5. His pedagogical approach at Santiniketan nurtured many artists, encouraging a new artistic sensibility in India.

4. Comment on the importance of preserving historical documents and artworks in a democratic society. What challenges do they face?

1. Preservation ensures the continuity of cultural heritage, encouraging national identity and collective memory.
2. Historical documents and artworks provide vital information about past governance and societal values.
3. Challenges include funding for conservation, environmental threats, and political indifference.
4. Public awareness and education are crucial for garnering support for preservation efforts.
5. Technological advancements can aid in preservation but may also raise issues of accessibility and authenticity.