Recently, India chose to abstain from a vote condemning Russia’s invasion of Ukraine at the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). An emergency special session was called by UNGA with the intention of discussing a resolution demanding Russia’s unconditional withdrawal of its troops. This followed a failed attempt to pass a similar resolution in the U.N. Security Council (UNSC), where it was vetoed by Russia.
The Uniting for Peace Resolution
The “Uniting for Peace” resolution refers to UN General Assembly resolution 377(V) adopted in 1950. This resolution comes into play when the UN Security Council, due to the lack of agreement among its permanent members, fails to maintain international peace and security. The origins of this resolution can be traced back to the United States in October 1950, as a method to bypass Soviet vetoes during the Korean War. If the UNSC is incapable of acting following a veto by a permanent member, the UNGA gains the authority to address threats to peace. Since its inception, 11 emergency special sessions have been held.
The Key Points of the Resolution
The recent resolution, co-sponsored by 96 countries, needed a two-thirds majority of those present and voting to pass. It condemned Russia’s military operation against Ukraine on 24th February 2022 and disapproved of any territories acquired through force. The resolution also demanded Russia’s immediate, complete, and unconditional withdrawal from Ukraine.
India’s Stand and Concerns
India’s primary concern presently is the safe passage of Indian nationals, particularly students, from the conflict areas. While calling for an immediate ceasefire and humanitarian access to these areas, India is hopeful about positive results from further talks between Russia and Ukraine. Conversely, Russia’s actions place India in a precarious situation as it seeks to maintain a balanced relationship with both Russia and Western Countries. India has expressed its reticence to condemn one country for attempting to unilaterally change the borders it shares with another, considering its own relations with China and Pakistan. Several of India’s neighbours have supported the resolution, however, China, like India, abstained from voting.
The Impact and Nature of UN Resolutions
Resolutions and decisions made by the UN represent formal expressions of the institution’s opinion or will. Whether a resolution is binding on states or not depends on its nature. For instance, General Assembly resolutions are viewed as “recommendations” as per Articles 10 and 14 of the UN Charter. Conversely, resolutions by the Security Council under Chapter VII of the Charter are binding, subject to veto by its permanent members.
The Way Forward
Given India’s global leadership aspirations and its guiding principle of “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” (the world is one family), it may become necessary for the country to engage more deeply in addressing conflicts of international relevance, such as the current one in Europe.
Last Modified: February 15, 2024