The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Presidency has once again been assumed by India on 1st December. This occasion marks the second time in the 2021-22 tenureship that India has held the rotating presidency role, having previously assumed the position in August 2021.
Under India’s Presidency
A high-profile open debate labeled “Maintenance of International Peace and Security: New Orientation for Reformed Multilateralism (NORMS)” is set to be hosted by India under their presidency. The NORMS initiative is aimed at instigating reforms in the current multilateral architecture that will make it more representative and relevant. With the UN at its core, this reformed structure hopes to better serve the purpose of multilateralism.
A second event, a high-level briefing on the theme “Threats to International Peace and Security Caused by Terrorist Acts: Global Approach to Counter Terrorism — Challenges and Way Forward”, is also planned. This briefing serves to highlight the urgency of collective, organized efforts to combat terrorism.
The Background of UNSC
The UNSC is one of the six main organs of the United Nations, established by the UN Charter in 1945. The Council’s primary responsibility is maintaining international peace and security, making it the centerpiece of global multilateralism. Composed of 15 members, both permanent and non-permanent, the UNSC jointly appoints judges to the International Court of Justice with the UNGA.
India has served seven times on the UNSC as a non-permanent member. In January 2021, the nation joined the UNSC for the eighth time. Despite doing so, India has advocated for a permanent seat on the Council, arguing that the balance of power requires correction.
Voting Power and Responsibilities
Each member of the UNSC holds one vote. Nine affirmative votes, including those from the permanent members, are required for any decision on matters to pass. However, a “no” vote from one of the five permanent members can block the passage of a resolution.
The UNSC plays an active role in resolving disputes through mediation, appointing special envoys, or establishing UN Missions. It also oversees the work of UN peace operations, making decisions regarding these operations which member states are obliged to enforce.
Challenges Facing the UNSC
Several issues plague the UNSC, with criticisms of the Council’s relevance and credibility being some of the more prominent ones. The narrow leadership of the UNSC, as well as its lack of multilateralism, have been heavily criticized. Another issue lies in the Council’s representation, with several speakers arguing that the absence of Africa, a continent with 54 countries, diminishes the effectiveness of the Council.
Moreover, the veto power held by the P5 has also been called into question. Many experts and states view this as a form of privilege that blocks the Council from making necessary decisions.
In order to restore faith in the principles of the United Nations, it is argued that there needs to be an urgent correction of the power imbalance between the P5 and the rest of the world. The core issues in the UNSC need to be critically examined and addressed with global cooperation.
