India Enhances Defence with Laser-Based Anti-Drone Systems

Recent developments in India’s military capabilities highlight shift in counter-drone technology. The Indian Army is boosting its defences along the Pakistan border amid increasing drone threats. This initiative is part of a broader strategy to enhance security measures in Jammu and Kashmir.

Emergence of Drone Threats

Drones have become a critical concern for national security. Many drones, primarily of Chinese origin, are used for illicit activities. These include smuggling weapons and narcotics. They also serve as surveillance tools along the Line of Control and the International Border. The Indian Army faces the challenge of neutralising these aerial threats effectively.

Integrated Drone Detection and Interdiction Systems

The Indian Army has already inducted seven Integrated Drone Detection and Interdiction Systems. These systems are developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). They are designed to detect and intercept enemy drones. The systems have demonstrated their capabilities in actual operations, successfully bringing down hostile drones.

Emergency Procurement Process

To address the escalating drone threat, the Indian Army is set to acquire nine additional systems under emergency procurement powers. This decision was approved by the Defence Ministry. The aim is to strengthen counter-terror and counter-infiltration operations in sensitive regions.

Capabilities of the Laser Systems

The DRDO-developed systems utilise a 2-kilowatt laser beam. This technology can destroy enemy drones at a range of 800 to 1,000 metres. The systems are currently in active use by the Indian Army and other security forces. Their effectiveness has been proven in various operational contexts.

Future Developments in Drone Defence

India is also working on a more powerful 30-kilowatt laser-based counter-drone system. This advanced system aims to neutralise larger drones, aircraft, and cruise missiles. It is expected to be ready for deployment within the next two years. This advancement will place India among a select group of nations with sophisticated laser-based air defence capabilities.

Strategic Implications

The acquisition and deployment of these systems reflect India’s commitment to enhancing its military technology. It signifies a proactive approach to national security. The integration of advanced drone defence systems is crucial in countering emerging threats in the region.

International Context

India’s advancements in laser-based anti-drone systems align with global trends in military technology. Many nations are investing in similar capabilities. This trend marks the growing importance of drone warfare and defence in modern military strategies.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically examine the implications of drone warfare on national security in the 21st century.
2. Discuss the role of advanced military technology in counter-terrorism operations in conflict zones.
3. What are the strategic advantages of laser-based air defence systems? How do they compare with traditional methods?
4. Explain the impact of cross-border drone activities on India-Pakistan relations and regional stability.

Answer Hints:

1. Critically examine the implications of drone warfare on national security in the 21st century.

1. Drones enable precision strikes and surveillance, altering traditional warfare dynamics.
2. They pose challenges in terms of detection and interception for national defense systems.
3. Non-state actors leverage drones for asymmetric warfare, complicating security responses.
4. International norms and regulations around drone usage remain ambiguous, impacting global security.
5. Drone warfare raises ethical concerns regarding civilian casualties and accountability.

2. Discuss the role of advanced military technology in counter-terrorism operations in conflict zones.

1. Advanced technology enhances situational awareness through improved surveillance and reconnaissance.
2. It allows for precise targeting, reducing collateral damage in counter-terrorism operations.
3. Technological superiority can deter terrorist groups by showcasing military capabilities.
4. Integration of AI and drones facilitates rapid response and intelligence gathering.
5. Challenges include the high cost of technology and potential over-reliance on automated systems.

3. What are the strategic advantages of laser-based air defence systems? How do they compare with traditional methods?

1. Laser systems offer precise targeting with minimal collateral damage compared to traditional munitions.
2. They have lower operational costs, as they require less ammunition and maintenance.
3. Laser systems can engage multiple targets quickly, enhancing defensive capabilities.
4. They operate silently and can be deployed discreetly, reducing detection risks.
5. Traditional systems rely on kinetic energy and can be limited by range and weather conditions.

4. Explain the impact of cross-border drone activities on India-Pakistan relations and regional stability.

1. Cross-border drone activities escalate tensions and contribute to a security dilemma between India and Pakistan.
2. They complicate peace negotiations and increase mistrust between the two nations.
3. Drones used for smuggling or surveillance can provoke military responses, heightening conflict risks.
4. International responses to drone activities can influence bilateral relations and regional dynamics.
5. Effective countermeasures by one side may lead to an arms race in drone technology.