Nepal holds unique significance in India’s foreign policy due to geographic, historical, cultural, and economic ties that span centuries. The two countries share a mutually beneficial relationship on various fronts, from trade to cultural exchange to defence cooperation. However, the relationship also suffers from occasional challenges such as border disputes and external influence. The recent visit of the Prime Minister of Nepal to India marked a significant milestone in this longstanding relationship.
Key Highlights from the Recent Visit of Nepal’s PM to India
During the summit meeting with the Indian Prime Minister, the Union Cabinet had cleared a plan to build a new bridge connecting India and Nepal over the Mahakali river. This move is aimed at linking Dharchula in Uttarakhand with Nepal’s Dharchula, thus enhancing connectivity.
The launch of the 35-km cross-border railway line linking Jaynagar in Bihar to Kurtha in Nepal positioned as the first broad-gauge passenger rail link between the two sides. Further, the Indian side handed over the Solu Corridor, a 90-km, 132 kV power transmission line to help provide electricity to several remote districts in northeastern Nepal.
Another highlight was the launch of India’s RuPay card in Nepal. Also, Nepal became the 105th member country to join the India-led International Solar Alliance under a framework agreement. Various MOUs were signed to enhance technical cooperation, petroleum supply, and power sector cooperation.
Historical Ties and Cultural Connections
India and Nepal not only share an open border and unhindered movement of people, but they also have close bonds through marriages and familial ties, symbolically known as ‘Roti-Beti ka Rishta’. Rivers originating in Nepal feed the perennial river systems of India, implying a deep ecological interdependence. Both nations share significant religious ties, with sites like Lumbini in Nepal, Buddha’s birthplace, attracting large numbers of Indian pilgrims. These historical and cultural links form the bedrock of the special relations between India and Nepal.
Trade, Economy, and Defence Cooperation
India is Nepal’s largest trade partner and the largest source of foreign investments while serving as a transit for nearly all of Nepal’s third-country trade. In defence cooperation, bilateral relations encompass assistance to the Nepalese Army, including equipment provision and training. The Gorkha Regiments of the Indian Army recruit partly from hill districts of Nepal, symbolising a unique military bond.
Connectivity Projects and Humanitarian Assistance
Connectivity programs aimed at enhancing people-to-people linkages and promoting economic growth have been undertaken by both the governments. Also, Nepal being a sensitive ecological zone has often received India’s humanitarian assistance during natural disasters.
Challenges in India-Nepal Relations
India-Nepal relations face challenges due to China’s growing influence over Nepal. China considers Nepal a key partner in its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), resulting in escalating Chinese investments, aid, and loans in Nepal.
Another challenge is the border dispute that led Nepal to release a new political map claiming Kalapani, Limpiyadhura, and Lipulekh of Uttarakhand as part of Nepal’s territory.
Fostering the Way Forward
To maintain the friendly relations, it is essential to resolve conflicts peacefully and engage proactively with Nepal at different levels. Differences should not escalate into disputes; instead, diplomatic negotiations should be used to resolve issues like the boundary dispute.
In conclusion, strengthening of India-Nepal relations is needed to ensure mutual benefits and support, focusing on resolving disputes and exploring new avenues of collaboration.