India’s majestic Indian Bison, or Gaur (Bos gaurus), native to South and Southeast Asia, have recently been in the news due to a disturbing case of poaching discovered in West Bengal. The case was unfolded through the strategic use of a sniffer dog. This captivating creature is notably recognized as the tallest species of wild cattle identified in India and holds the title as the largest extant bovine. Their primary habitats include Nagarhole, Bandipur, Masinagudi National Parks and BR Hills. Despite their grandeur, these animals are classified as vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List and are included in Schedule I of the Wild Life Protection Act of 1972.
Conservation Status and Important Facts
Taking a closer look at the Indian Bison’s conservation status reveals that they bear the unfortunate tag of being ‘Vulnerable’ on the IUCN Red List. This imputes elevated risks towards their existence. They are also protected under Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, which signifies they are granted the highest degree of protection against hunting and poaching.
On a lighter note, it’s intriguing to learn that the Indian Bison stands as the tallest species of wild cattle found in India, surely making them a majestic sight in the wild. A recent population estimation exercise carried out in the Nilgiris Forest Division, Tamil Nadu gives us more insights into their numbers today.
Conservation Breeding Initiatives
In a step towards conserving this unique species, conservation breeding of the Indian Bison or Gaur has started in Mysuru zoo. This initiative is part of the Central Zoo Authority’s conservation breeding program. Such efforts can hopefully increase the population of these animals while raising awareness about their vulnerable status.
Threats to the Indian Bison
Sadly, just like many other wildlife species, the Indian Bison faces numerous threats. One of the most critical threats to their well-being and survival is food scarcity. This arises from the destruction of grasslands, planting of commercially important trees, the presence of invasive plant species, and indiscriminate grazing by domestic animals. All these factors disrupt the bison’s natural feeding patterns and can result in malnutrition and starvation.
In addition, poaching poses another serious threat. Despite protective laws, the Indian Bison is hunted for its commercial value as well as due to a high demand for its meat. Encroachment on their habitats for deforestation and commercial plantations further exacerbates their vulnerability, shrinking their living spaces and forcing them into conflict zones.
Lastly, human-animal conflicts are a significant concern for the Indian Bison’s wellbeing. As these creatures come into proximity with human habitations due to loss of habitat, confrontations become inevitable. These encounters often tend to be fatal for the mighty bovines or end with severe injuries to both parties.
In conclusion, the importance of conserving the Indian Bison cannot be overstated. The combination of effective conservation breeding programs, stricter enforcement of wildlife protection laws, and raising public awareness about the bison’s importance to our ecosystem are all crucial steps towards ensuring their survival.
Source: TH
