The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change recently issued an advisory aiming to streamline and formalize the process of importing live exotic animals. This has been a topic of contention due to the vast number of diverse species brought into India for commercial purposes.
Understanding Exotic Animals
The term ‘exotic’ typically refers to wild or unusual animals, distinct from common domestic pets such as cats or dogs. These species are not native to the area in which they are introduced and are often rare or uncommon. In terms of this advisory, exotic animals are those detailed under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendices but not included in the Schedules of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972.
Rationale behind the Advisory
The primary motivation for issuing this advisory is to regulate trade and prevent the potential spread of zoonotic diseases linked to wildlife. The advisory will provide a clearer understanding of the quantity and variety of exotic animals in the country.
Provisions for Import and Disclosure
Several provisions have been put in place regarding the import of exotic animals and the disclosure of these animals already within India. Any individual wishing to import a live exotic animal needs to apply for a license granted by the Director-General of Foreign Trade (DGFT), under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Previously, these imports occurred without the knowledge or oversight of forest departments or chief wildlife wardens.
Additionally, the importer is required to attach a No Objection Certificate (NOC) from the respective state’s chief wildlife warden along with the application. For those who have already imported exotic animals, a declaration must be made within six months. If this is not done, additional documents relating to the animal’s origins must be submitted.
Criticisms of the Advisory
While the advisory is a step forward, it is not without criticism. As an advisory, it does not carry the force of law, potentially motivating illegal trade through its long amnesty period. Furthermore, it does not address key issues such as the spread of invasive species or zoonotic diseases.
Moreover, the advisory neglects to mention a growing domestic trade in exotic wildlife not listed under CITES appendices, limiting its applicability. It also fails to outline welfare standards for captive facilities, raising concerns about the potential for backyard breeding practices detrimental to the welfare of these animals. There is also a risk of increased pathogen transmission across species if further guidelines on animal care and maintenance are not provided.
Way Forward
Despite its shortcomings, the advisory should be recognized for introducing some level of regulation in a sector where Indian legislation falls short. Proper regulations for the exotic animal trade are paramount, considering the true risks and costs associated with it. Future measures should aim to address these challenges while integrating the welfare of these unique and often endangered species.