India’s Renewable Energy Milestones and Future Goals

India has made strides in renewable energy. In 2024, the country added 24.5 GW of solar capacity and 3.4 GW of wind capacity. This growth raised India’s total non-fossil fuel-based energy capacity to 217.62 GW by January 2025. These achievements position India as a global leader in renewable energy. With ambitious targets set for 2025 and beyond, India aims to reach 500 GW of non-fossil fuel-based energy capacity by 2030.

Solar Energy Growth

Solar energy has become a mainstay of India’s renewable strategy. In 2024, solar installations more than doubled compared to the previous year. Solar now constitutes 47% of India’s total installed renewable energy capacity. Utility-scale solar installations contributed , with Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu being the main contributors, accounting for 71% of the capacity. The rooftop solar sector also flourished, witnessing a 53% increase, adding 4.59 GW of new capacity.

Wind Energy Expansion

Wind energy development has been robust. The addition of 3.4 GW in 2024 marked a continued upward trend. Gujarat, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu were responsible for 98% of this new capacity. This growth reinforces their positions as leaders in wind power generation. The government’s supportive policies have played a vital role in this expansion.

Off-Grid Solar Sector

The off-grid solar sector experienced remarkable growth, with a 182% increase, adding 1.48 GW in 2024. This surge enhances rural energy access, providing electricity to remote areas. Initiatives like the PM Surya Ghar – Muft Bijli Yojana have facilitated the installation of numerous rooftop solar systems, promoting clean energy in households.

Government Initiatives and Policies

The Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE) has been instrumental in driving these achievements. Through policy interventions and financial support, the MNRE has encouraged investment in green hydrogen initiatives and expanded manufacturing in solar PV and wind turbines. This strategic approach has solidified India’s position in the global renewable energy landscape.

Future Challenges and Focus Areas

As India moves into 2025, it must address several challenges. Regulatory, financial, and infrastructural issues need attention to ensure continued progress. The government is committed to overcoming these obstacles to achieve its renewable energy goals. This focus will help maintain India’s leadership in global clean energy.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the impact of renewable energy on India’s economy and environment.
2. What are the key factors contributing to the growth of solar energy in India? Discuss with examples.
3. Estimate the role of government policies in promoting wind energy in India.
4. Point out the challenges faced by India in achieving its renewable energy targets by 2030.

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the impact of renewable energy on India’s economy and environment.

1. Renewable energy contributes to job creation, with thousands employed in solar and wind sectors.
2. Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions leads to improved air quality and public health benefits.
3. Decreased dependence on fossil fuels enhances energy security and reduces import costs.
4. Investment in renewables stimulates economic growth and innovation in technology.
5. Environmental sustainability is promoted through conservation of ecosystems and biodiversity.

2. What are the key factors contributing to the growth of solar energy in India? Discuss with examples.

1. Government initiatives like the PM Surya Ghar Yojana have incentivized rooftop solar installations.
2. Falling costs of solar technology have made solar energy more accessible and competitive.
3. State leadership in solar capacity, particularly in Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu, has driven growth.
4. Increased awareness and demand for clean energy among consumers and businesses support expansion.
5. Robust financing options and policy frameworks facilitate investment in solar projects.

3. Estimate the role of government policies in promoting wind energy in India.

1. Government policies provide financial incentives and subsidies to wind energy developers.
2. Clear regulatory frameworks streamline the process for obtaining permits and approvals.
3. Initiatives like the National Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy encourage integration of wind and solar resources.
4. Support for research and development enhances technology and efficiency in wind energy systems.
5. The Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE) plays important role in policy formulation and implementation.

4. Point out the challenges faced by India in achieving its renewable energy targets by 2030.

1. Regulatory hurdles and bureaucratic delays can impede project approvals and implementation.
2. Financial constraints and lack of investment can limit the scale of renewable energy projects.
3. Infrastructural challenges, such as grid connectivity and storage solutions, need addressing.
4. Land acquisition issues and community resistance can slow down project development.
5. Technological advancements and skill development are necessary to meet growing energy demands.