ISRO Celebrates Historic 100th Launch Milestone

On January 29, 2025, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) achieved milestone with its 100th launch from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. The GSLV-F15 rocket successfully carried the NVS-02 satellite into orbit, marking a key moment in India’s space exploration journey. This launch not only demonstrates ISRO’s technological advancements but also its commitment to enhancing navigation capabilities through the NavIC system.

ISRO’s Launch History

ISRO’s journey began on August 10, 1979, with the launch of its first vehicle, the Satellite Launch Vehicle-3 (SLV-3 E10). This was an experimental mission that carried the Rohini Technology Payload. Over the years, ISRO has developed multiple generations of launch vehicles, showcasing India’s growing expertise in space technology. The organisation has successfully executed diverse missions including satellite launches, interplanetary explorations, and scientific research.

Significance of the GSLV-F15 Launch

The GSLV-F15 mission represents the 17th flight of India’s Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle. Notably, it is the 11th flight featuring an indigenous cryogenic stage. The NVS-02 satellite, weighing 2,250 kg, is equipped with advanced navigation payloads. These payloads operate in L1, L5, and S bands, ensuring precise time estimation for users across the Indian subcontinent and beyond.

Technological Innovations

The NVS-02 satellite employs a combination of indigenous and procured atomic clocks. This integration enhances its ability to provide accurate positioning and timing services. The satellite is positioned at 111.75ºE, replacing the older IRNSS-1E satellite. The technological advancements of the NVS series reflect ISRO’s commitment to self-reliance and innovation in satellite technology.

Leadership and Vision

ISRO’s success is attributed to visionary leaders such as Vikram Sarabhai and Satish Dhawan. The current Chairman, Dr. V. Narayanan, expressed pride in the agency’s achievements and brought into light the collaborative efforts of the ISRO team. The organisation has consistently evolved under strong leadership, enabling it to reach this historic milestone.

Future Prospects

With the successful launch of the NVS-02 satellite, ISRO is poised for future missions. The organisation aims to expand its satellite navigation capabilities and continue its contributions to global space exploration. The 100th launch sets a foundation for upcoming projects, including more advanced satellite systems and interplanetary missions.

Global Impact of ISRO’s Missions

ISRO’s achievements have positioned India as a key player in the global space arena. The organisation’s cost-effective launch services and successful missions have attracted international partnerships. ISRO’s contributions to satellite technology and space research enhance not only national capabilities but also global scientific collaboration.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Discuss the role of satellite navigation systems in modern society and their impact on daily life.
2. Critically examine the technological advancements in India’s space programme since its inception.
3. Explain the significance of indigenous technology in the development of space missions in India.
4. With suitable examples, discuss the contributions of Indian Space Research Organisation to global space exploration.

Answer Hints:

1. Discuss the role of satellite navigation systems in modern society and their impact on daily life.

1. Satellite navigation systems provide precise location data, essential for GPS applications in transportation and logistics.
2. They enhance safety in aviation and maritime operations by offering accurate positioning and route planning.
3. Navigation systems support emergency services by improving response times through accurate location tracking.
4. They facilitate personal navigation applications, aiding daily commutes and travel planning.
5. Satellite navigation contributes to various sectors including agriculture, surveying, and disaster management, improving efficiency and decision-making.

2. Critically examine the technological advancements in India’s space programme since its inception.

1. ISRO started with the SLV-3 in 1979, marking the beginning of India’s capability to launch satellites.
2. Development of multiple generations of launch vehicles, including PSLV and GSLV, showcasing increased payload capacity and reliability.
3. Introduction of indigenous cryogenic technology, enhancing launch capabilities with heavier payloads and improved efficiency.
4. Advancements in satellite technology, including navigation systems like NavIC, and interplanetary missions like Chandrayaan and Mangalyaan.
5. Collaboration with global space agencies and incorporation of advanced materials and technologies in satellite design and manufacturing.

3. Explain the significance of indigenous technology in the development of space missions in India.

1. Indigenous technology reduces dependency on foreign technology, enhancing national security and self-reliance.
2. It encourages local innovation and development, creating job opportunities and boosting the economy.
3. Indigenous capabilities allow for cost-effective missions, making space exploration more accessible.
4. Development of homegrown technologies, such as the cryogenic engine, demonstrates India’s engineering expertise and resilience.
5. Indigenous technology promotes knowledge transfer and skill development within the scientific community in India.

4. With suitable examples, discuss the contributions of Indian Space Research Organisation to global space exploration.

1. ISRO’s Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) made India the first Asian nation to reach Mars orbit, showcasing cost-effective space exploration.
2. The launch of foreign satellites on PSLV has positioned ISRO as a reliable launch service provider globally.
3. Collaboration with NASA and other international agencies on missions like the Chandrayaan lunar exploration enhances global scientific knowledge.
4. ISRO’s NavIC system provides regional navigation services, contributing to global navigation capabilities.
5. Participation in global forums and sharing satellite data for disaster management and climate monitoring encourages international cooperation.