The Japanese art of paper making, known as Washi, is steeped in tradition and heritage. The term “Washi” itself comes from two Japanese words, “Wa” meaning “Japanese”, and “Shi” meaning “paper”. This unique and laboriously crafted paper also goes by the name “Wagami”. The process to create washi involves three main components: Kozo or ‘mulberry bark’, Mitsumata shrubs, and Gampi tree. Often used alone or in combinations, these elements provide the paper with its distinct characteristics.
Understanding the Materials: Kozo, Mitsumata, and Gampi
Kozo, commonly referred to as the ‘mulberry bark’, is a deciduous tree found in various corners of the world. However, it particularly flourishes abundantly in the Kyushu Islands and Shikoku in Japan. Among its many features, its toughness, likened to that of cloth, stands out. Furthermore, Kozo does not considerably weaken when exposed to water-resistance treatments.
Mitsumata, on the other hand, is a bush traditionally native to China but has found utility in the creation of Japanese washi. Its delicate ivory colour and fine surface make it ideal for printing purposes. In fact, during the Meiji period, it was used in the production of paper money.
The third component, the Gampi tree, is predominantly native to Japan, making it a rarity in other parts of the world. It is valued for its smooth, shiny surface which is frequently used in bookbinding and craftwork. Given the scarcity of these trees and bushes, the manufacturing cost for such paper is quite high.
Occasionally, other fibres like abaca, rayon, wheat, rice, bamboo, hemp, etc., are mixed into the washi concoction to give variety to the product.
Usage and Importance of Washi
The resulting washi paper is incredibly thin yet strong, making it suitable for a vast array of uses. Historically, it was utilised for writing and painting, as well as practical applications such as lampshades, umbrellas, and sliding doors. Due to its flexible and durable nature, it has also been used in the preservation of ancient texts and documentaries in Japan.
| Component | Origins | Uses |
|---|---|---|
| Kozo | Found worldwide, abundant in Kyushu Islands and Shikoku, Japan | Cloth-like toughness, water-resistant |
| Mitsumata | Native to China | Ivory-coloured, fine printing surface |
| Gampi | Native to Japan | Smooth and shiny, used for books and crafts |
The Legacy of Washi
The tradition of washi papermaking has a rich history spanning over 1,300 years. Testament to its cultural significance, this form of craftsmanship has achieved recognition as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage. Despite the technical challenges and costs associated with its production, Washi remains a cherished part of Japanese heritage and continues to play a significant role in various aspects of Japanese society and beyond.