In a historic first, the Periyar Tiger Reserve (PTR) in Kerala is taking steps to train a tiger cub for survival in its natural habitat by equipping it with hunting skills. This development is making headlines across India, opening a new chapter in wildlife conservation.
Geographical Location and Formation of PTR
Situated in the Southern region of the Western Ghats, PTR straddles the districts of Idukki and Pathanamthitta in Kerala. Deriving its name from the River Periyar, originating deep within the reserve, PTR was declared a Sanctuary in 1950 before being designated as a Tiger Reserve in 1978.
River Systems and Drainage
Periyar and Mullayar are the significant rivers flowing through the reserve, contributing to its unique biosphere and supporting diverse life forms. These rivers serve as an integral part of the reserve’s ecosystem, facilitating the needs of the flora and fauna inhabiting there.
An Oasis of Flora
PTR flaunts a lush green cover made up of tropical evergreen, semi-evergreen, moist deciduous forests and grasslands. It houses around 1966 species of flowering plants, many of which belong exclusively to the Western Ghats, adding up to approximately 516 endemic species. Further, this sanctuary serves as a home for nearly 300 medicinal plants. Some of these are distinct to the region, such as Syzygium periyarensis – a tree, Habenaria periyarensis – an orchid, and Mucuna pruriense thekkadiensis – a climber.
Biodiverse Fauna
The fauna of PTR is equally diverse and rich. It hosts a variety of mammals such as Tigers, Elephants, Lion-tailed macaques, and Nilgiri Tahrs. Bird enthusiasts can spot Darters, Cormorants, Kingfishers, the Great Malabar Hornbill, and racket-tailed Drongos. Additionally, reptiles like Monitor Lizards, Pythons, King Cobras and more grace the reserve.
Indigenous Tribal Communities
Six tribal communities, namely, Mannans, Paliyans, Malayarayans, Mala Pandarams, Uralis, and Ulladans coexist peacefully within the periphery of the PTR. The survival skills and traditional knowledge of these tribes contribute to maintaining the delicate balance of the ecosystem.
Protected Areas in Kerala
Kerala boasts of several other protected regions like PTR that focus on preserving nature and wildlife. The state’s commitment to conservation is demonstrated by numerous sanctuaries, reserves, national parks, and other protected areas.