The Kuruba community, traditionally engaged in sheep rearing, has a significant presence in Karnataka, with the majority residing in the eastern regions of the state. Historically, the community enjoyed Scheduled Tribe (ST) status after Independence. However, in 1977, the backward class commission led by Justice LG Havanur reclassified the Kurubas to the ‘most backward classes’ category from the ST list. Now, the Karnataka government has made a recommendation to the Centre to restore the Kuruba community’s ST status, seeking to uplift their socio-economic conditions and address their historical grievances.
The Kuruba Community: A Traditional Sheep Rearing Community
The Kurubas are an ancient community in Karnataka, known for their involvement in sheep rearing. Historically, their livelihood and cultural practices have revolved around this occupation. Despite facing several challenges and transformations, they have preserved their unique identity and cultural heritage.
Current Status: Under the Backward Classes Category
Currently, the Kurubas are categorized as a backward class, constituting 9.3% of Karnataka’s population. This categorization has led to certain benefits and affirmative action measures, but it falls short of addressing the community’s specific needs and challenges.
Historical Context: The Shift from ST to ‘Most Backward Classes’
In 1977, the backward class commission, led by Justice LG Havanur, decided to reclassify the Kurubas from the ST list to the ‘most backward classes’ category. This shift had implications for the community’s access to reserved seats in educational institutions, government jobs, and welfare schemes.
Area Restriction Clause
As part of the reclassification, an area restriction clause was introduced, allowing only those Kurubas living in specific regions like Bidar, Yadgir, Kalaburagi, and Madikeri to continue availing the ST benefits. This restriction further marginalized the Kurubas residing in other areas and limited their access to affirmative action measures.
The Kuruba Community’s Socio-Economic Status
Despite their significant numbers, the Kurubas continue to face social, educational, and economic challenges. Many members of the community are still living in poverty and lack access to quality education, healthcare, and other basic amenities.
Recognition as Scheduled Tribes: Implications and Benefits
If the Karnataka government’s recommendation to reclassify the Kuruba community under the ST category is accepted, it would have far-reaching implications for their socio-economic development. Scheduled Tribe status would bring specific benefits and reservations, including better access to education, healthcare, housing, and employment opportunities.
Kurubas in Other States: A Pan-Indian Identity
Kurubas are not limited to Karnataka; they are known by different names in other states like Dhangars in Maharashtra, Rabaris or Raikas in Gujarat, Dewasis in Rajasthan, and Gadarias in Haryana. This highlights their pan-Indian presence and the need for a unified approach to address their socio-economic challenges.
