The National Crime Records Data (NCRB) has unveiled startling statistics about the prevalence of Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) cases in India. According to this information, Manipur, a state in northeastern India, recorded more than 35% of UAPA cases registered, signalling a serious issue that policymakers need to address urgently.
The Statistics: UAPA Cases Across India
Of all cases that were registered under UAPA across India in 2017, statistics show a significant concentration in select regions. Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) recorded 17% of the total cases, followed by Assam at 14%, Uttar Pradesh at 12%, and Bihar closely behind with 5% of total cases.
In terms of arrests made in relation to these cases, Uttar Pradesh topped the states. Of the 1,554 persons arrested, Uttar Pradesh accounted for nearly a quarter with 382 arrests. Following Uttar Pradesh were Assam with 374 arrests, Manipur with 352, J&K with 35, and Jharkhand with 57.
Understanding the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act
The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act was introduced in 1967 with the aim of effectively preventing unlawful activities and associations within India. In 2004, an amendment was added to include “terrorist act” to the list of offences that could lead to organisations being banned. Since this amendment, as many as 34 outfits have been prohibited.
Prior to 2004, “unlawful” activities primarily referred to those related to secession and cession of territory. The UAPA enables the investigating agency to file a charge sheet within a maximum of 180 days following the arrests. This duration can be extended after notifying the court.
The Act gives absolute power to the central government. If the Centre considers an activity unlawful, it can declare it so through an Official Gazette. The Act also includes severe punishments, such as the death penalty and life imprisonment, for grave offences.
A Deeper Dive Into UAPA Arrests: A Comparative Analysis
| State | Number of Arrests |
|---|---|
| Uttar Pradesh | 382 |
| Assam | 374 |
| Manipur | 352 |
| Jammu and Kashmir | 35 |
| Jharkhand | 57 |
Recent Amendments to the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act
In August, the Parliament approved the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Bill, 2019. This important amendment allows the designation of individuals as terrorists under certain conditions stipulated in the Act. This move marks a significant shift in policy and represents the ongoing efforts of lawmakers to effectively address and prevent terrorism and related unlawful activities in India.
