Marcus Venerius Secundio, a notable figure from ancient Rome, made a significant impact as an impresario producing Greek and Latin plays. His journey from a former slave to a respected custodian of the temple of Venus at Pompeii is a testament to his remarkable transformation in social status. Living in the 1st century, he met his demise shortly before the catastrophic eruption of Mount Vesuvius. In an extraordinary archaeological discovery, the partially mummified remains of Marcus Venerius Secundio were unearthed at the necropolis of Porta Sarno, a primary gateway to the bygone Roman city of Pompeii. This find is particularly significant as it represents some of the best-preserved human remains ever located at this world-famous historic site.
The Life and Career of Marcus Venerius Secundio
Marcus Venerius Secundio’s life story is one of rags to riches. As a former slave, he managed to obtain his freedom—a feat that many in his position could only dream of. Upon his manumission, he worked diligently to elevate his social standing within the Roman society. His efforts were fruitful as he eventually took on the prestigious role of custodian for the temple of Venus, a prominent deity revered in Pompeii. His work as an impresario further solidified his status, as he was responsible for producing plays in both Greek and Latin, which was a significant cultural contribution during that era.
Secundio’s Role in Pompeian Society
Secundio’s position as a temple custodian was more than just a job; it was a symbol of honor and religious importance. The temple of Venus was central to the religious life in Pompeii, and being its custodian meant that Secundio played a key role in the spiritual activities of the city. Moreover, his involvement in the arts through the production of plays would have made him a prominent cultural figure, likely well-known and respected among the citizens of Pompeii.
Discovery of Secundio’s Remains
The discovery of Secundio’s remains at the necropolis of Porta Sarno was a momentous occasion for historians and archaeologists. The necropolis served as one of the main burial grounds of Pompeii, located near one of the city’s entrance gates. The condition of Secundio’s remains was remarkable; they were partially mummified, which allowed researchers to glean more information about his age, health, and potentially even his lifestyle. The preservation of his remains is considered the best among human remains found at Pompeii to date.
Significance of the Find
The preservation of Secundio’s remains offers invaluable insights into the funerary practices and biological data of the time. It allows scientists to study the methods of embalming and burial used by the Romans, which can differ greatly from one individual to another based on their social status and the customs of the period. Additionally, such discoveries contribute to our understanding of the diversity of the population in Pompeii, including the lives of those who, like Secundio, were able to transition from slavery to positions of respect and influence.
Context of Secundio’s Death
Secundio passed away a few years before the infamous eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, which devastated Pompeii and neighboring cities, preserving them in volcanic ash. His death preceding this event means that his life and remains provide a snapshot of the pre-eruption period, offering a glimpse into the lives of Pompeii’s inhabitants before the tragedy that would seal the city’s fate and freeze it in time. The state of his tomb and the goods found within could reflect the cultural and societal norms of that specific historical moment, just before Pompeii’s sudden destruction.
