A recent disastrous wildfire at the Sariska Tiger Reserve in Rajasthan, India, has once again brought to the forefront the critical problem of forest fires. Despite early satellite warnings and the use of a real-time mobile application-based fire response system, the fire devastated approximately 10 square kilometers of forest. This tragedy aligns with troubling trends outlined by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in its annual Frontiers report released in February 2022. The report indicates that wildfires, although natural occurrences, are becoming increasingly dangerous and are affecting larger areas.
Rising Incidences of Forest Fires in India
The Forest Survey of India reports a total of 381 forest fires by 30th March, 2022, with Madhya Pradesh recording the highest number of fires at 133. Factors such as dry grass, leaves, and plants are considered contributors to the Sariska fire, but the exact reasons remain elusive to park authorities.
Sariska Tiger Reserve: A Brief Overview
Situated amidst the Aravali hills in the Alwar District of Rajasthan, the Sariska Tiger Reserve holds significant ecological and historical value. The reserve was officially declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1955, and later in 1978 it gained the status of a tiger reserve, making it a crucial part of India’s Project Tiger.
The reserve is also home to ruined temples, forts, pavilions, and a palace, offering glimpses into its rich past. Among the notable landmarks is the Kankarwadi fort, centrally located within the reserve, where Mughal emperor Aurangzeb reportedly imprisoned his brother Dara Shikoh during their succession dispute. Additionally, the reserve contains the well-known Pandupole temple dedicated to Lord Hanuman, believed to be associated with the Pandava brothers from Hindu mythology.
Flora and Fauna of Sariska Tiger Reserve
The reserve boasts a wealth of flora and fauna, including the formidable Royal Bengal Tiger. Its biodiversity also includes diverse populations of leopards, Nilgai, Sambar, Chital, and more.
Other Protected Areas in Rajasthan
Rajasthan’s commitment to wildlife conservation is evident in its various protected areas. These include the Desert National Park in Jaisalmer, Keoladeo National Park in Bharatpur, Ranthambore National Park, Sajjangarh wildlife sanctuary in Udaipur, and the National Chambal Sanctuary, located at the intersection of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh. Recently, the Ramgarh Vishdhari wildlife sanctuary received approval from the National Tiger Conservation Authority’s (NTCA) technical committee to become the fourth tiger reserve in Rajasthan.
Relevant Questions from UPSC Civil Services Examination
Frame your study and prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Examination by considering previous year questions. In 2014, Dampa Tiger Reserve, Gumti Wildlife Sanctuary, and Saramati Peak were questioned, while in 2018, Pakhui Wildlife Sanctuary was under the spotlight.
The unfortunate event at the Sariska Tiger Reserve underscores the urgency of robust mechanisms to prevent and control forest fires. Continuous efforts towards wildlife conservation and the preservation of natural habitats are crucial for maintaining the ecological balance.
