Migration continues to play important role in globalisation and development. Nobel laureate Amartya Sen recently brought into light its importance during a student interaction in Kolkata in August 2025. He stressed that migration, both forced and voluntary, has been a key factor in human advancement across history. Sen also emphasised that India’s strength lies in its diversity, which fuels the country’s growth and cultural richness.
Migration as a Catalyst for Global Progress
Migration has been essential for knowledge exchange and cultural evolution. Sen pointed out that without the movement of people, many achievements would not have been possible. For example, Brahmagupta’s mathematical works were translated multiple times into Arabic, showing how ideas travel and develop through migration. Migration encourages interaction, innovation, and shared progress in areas like language, food, music, and science.
Challenges Faced by Migrants in India
Recent events show migrants from West Bengal facing hostility and violence in other state of Indias. This has affected their safety and livelihoods. Political conflicts between parties have worsened the situation. Such challenges show the need for policies that protect migrants and uphold their rights. Migration should be seen as a unifying force rather than a cause of division.
Electoral Reforms and Inclusion
Sen raised concerns about the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls in India. Many citizens lack proper documentation, which could lead to disenfranchisement. He warned that attempts to solve one problem might create others, especially if human rights and inclusion are not prioritised. Ensuring voting rights for all is vital in a diverse democracy.
Diversity as India’s Strength
India’s social fabric is woven from multiple languages, religions, and cultures. Sen described diversity as the foundation of the nation’s thriving culture and progress. He lamented the rise of openly divisive attitudes that undermine unity. The tagging of Bengali-speaking people as foreigners reflects growing intolerance. Celebrating diversity is key to maintaining India’s civilisational pride.
Historical and Cultural Connections
Sen shared his personal connection to Bangladesh’s capital Dhaka, reminding us of the shared histories before partition. Such historical ties underline the interconnectedness of communities across borders. Recognising this helps encourage empathy and cooperation in ’s world.
Questions for UPSC:
- Point out the socio-economic impacts of internal migration in India and estimate its role in urban development.
- Critically analyse the challenges faced by migrants in India with reference to recent political and social developments.
- Underline the importance of electoral reforms in enhancing democratic participation and explain the risks of disenfranchisement in diverse societies.
- What is cultural diversity? How does it contribute to national integration and social cohesion in multi-ethnic countries like India?
