Miyawaki Technique Transforms Prayagraj’s Urban Environment

In preparation for the Mahakumbh 2025, Prayagraj has initiated extensive afforestation projects using the Miyawaki technique. This method aims to create dense forests that improve air quality and enhance the local ecosystem. The Prayagraj Municipal Corporation has established multiple oxygen banks across the city, contributing to environmental conservation.

Overview of the Miyawaki Technique

The Miyawaki technique is a method developed by Japanese botanist Akira Miyawaki in the 1970s. It focuses on planting trees and shrubs in close proximity. This dense planting accelerates growth and enhances biodiversity. The technique mimics natural forests using a variety of native species.

Implementation in Prayagraj

Over the past two years, the Prayagraj Municipal Corporation has planted trees at over ten locations. This initiative covers an area of 55,800 square meters. The largest plantation site is in the Naini industrial area, featuring around 1.2 lakh trees from 63 different species. Another site is Baswar, where 27,000 trees have been planted after clearing a major garbage dumping ground.

Environmental Benefits

The Miyawaki forests offer numerous benefits. They reduce air and water pollution, prevent soil erosion, and increase biodiversity. According to experts, these forests can lower temperatures by 4 to 7 degrees Celsius. This temperature moderation is particularly beneficial during hot summer months.

Key Species Planted

The afforestation project includes a wide variety of species. Notable trees planted are mango, mahua, neem, and peepal. Medicinal and ornamental plants such as hibiscus and bougainvillea have also been incorporated. This diverse planting enhances the ecological balance and supports local wildlife.

Impact on Urban Ecosystem

The Miyawaki technique has transformed barren lands into thriving ecosystems. It has effectively managed industrial waste and reduced dust and foul odours in the city. This method supports ecological restoration and promotes sustainable urban development.

Community Involvement

Community engagement is crucial for the success of these projects. Local residents are encouraged to participate in planting and maintaining the forests. This involvement encourages a sense of ownership and responsibility towards the environment.

Future Prospects

The ongoing efforts in Prayagraj serve as a model for other urban areas facing environmental challenges. The success of the Miyawaki technique could inspire similar initiatives across India and beyond.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the environmental impacts of urban afforestation projects using the Miyawaki technique.
2. What are the advantages and challenges of implementing the Miyawaki technique in densely populated cities?
3. Explain the significance of biodiversity in urban ecosystems. What role does it play in environmental sustainability?
4. With suitable examples, comment on the importance of community involvement in environmental conservation efforts.

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the environmental impacts of urban afforestation projects using the Miyawaki technique.

1. Enhances air quality by reducing pollutants and dust.
2. Increases biodiversity by introducing a variety of native species.
3. Improves soil quality and prevents erosion through dense root systems.
4. Mitigates urban heat effects by lowering temperatures by 4-7 degrees Celsius.
5. Transforms barren and polluted lands into productive green spaces.

2. What are the advantages and challenges of implementing the Miyawaki technique in densely populated cities?

1. Advantages include rapid growth of trees and improved air quality.
2. Dense planting maximizes space and enhances biodiversity.
3. Challenges include the need for ongoing maintenance and community involvement.
4. Potential conflicts with urban development and land use policies.
5. Requires initial investment and expertise in native species selection.

3. Explain the significance of biodiversity in urban ecosystems. What role does it play in environmental sustainability?

1. Biodiversity supports ecosystem resilience against diseases and climate change.
2. Enhances pollination, which is vital for food production.
3. Improves the overall health of urban environments by stabilizing ecosystems.
4. Provides habitats for various species, contributing to ecological balance.
5. Facilitates ecosystem services like water purification and carbon sequestration.

4. With suitable examples, comment on the importance of community involvement in environmental conservation efforts.

1. Community involvement encourages a sense of ownership and responsibility for local environments.
2. Examples include local tree planting initiatives that enhance engagement and education.
3. Participatory approaches lead to better maintenance and sustainability of projects.
4. Involvement can mobilize resources and support from local businesses and organizations.
5. Engaged communities are more likely to advocate for environmental policies and practices.