Mpox virus is an orthopoxvirus that causes monkeypox or mpox, a disease that has symptoms similar to smallpox but less severe. This pathogen is deadly in 15 percent of affected people. Until recently, it was largely confined to Africa. However, a severe form of this virus has been found in immunosuppressed people living with the advanced stage of HIV, which poses a major risk to these vulnerable people.
Symptoms of MPOX Virus
The symptoms of MPOX virus include fever, headache, muscle aches, backache, swollen lymph nodes, chills, and exhaustion. A rash then develops, often beginning on the face and then spreading to other parts of the body. The rash then develops into raised bumps that eventually become fluid-filled blisters. These blisters then scab over and fall off, leaving a mark on the skin.
In immunosuppressed individuals, the symptoms can be more severe and can include prolonged skin rashes, respiratory ailments, and large coalescing and necrotising lesions, which occurred in 93 percent of people who lost their lives.
Transmission of MPOX Virus
The MPOX virus is transmitted through direct contact with infected animals, such as monkeys, squirrels, and rodents. It can also be transmitted through human-to-human contact through respiratory droplets or contact with bodily fluids from an infected person. The virus can be easily transmitted in crowded living conditions or in healthcare settings.
Treatment of MPOX Virus
Currently, there is no specific treatment for MPOX virus. Treatment is mainly supportive, which involves managing the symptoms of the disease. Vaccination against smallpox has been shown to be effective in preventing MPOX virus, as the two viruses are closely related.
Risk to Immunocompromised Individuals
Immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV or those undergoing chemotherapy, are at an increased risk of developing severe MPOX virus infection. In these individuals, the virus can cause more severe symptoms and can be deadly. Therefore, it is important to take precautions to prevent the transmission of MPOX virus in these populations.
Prevention of MPOX Virus
Prevention of MPOX virus includes avoiding contact with infected animals, such as monkeys, squirrels, and rodents. Additionally, people should avoid contact with infected individuals, especially those who have lesions or other symptoms of the disease. Healthcare workers should use standard precautions when caring for patients with suspected or confirmed MPOX virus infection, including the use of personal protective equipment.