Recent research in the Western Ghats has led to the discovery of a new dragonfly species named *Lyriothemis abrahami*. This species was previously mistaken for *Lyriothemis flava* due to their similar appearance. The discovery was made by the Travancore Nature History Society (TNHS) and partner institutions through detailed field surveys and larval rearing studies. The findings were published in the journal *Entomon* in June 2025. This species is endemic to the southern and central Western Ghats, found in forest regions of Kerala and Karnataka.
Identification and Naming
*Lyriothemis abrahami* was distinguished from similar species by detailed morphological studies. Researchers reared larvae and dissected adults to find unique features. Males have distinct hamules, and females show jet-black bodies with yellow triangular spots. The species is named after Abraham Samuel, a pioneer in Kerala’s odonatology.
Habitat and Distribution
This dragonfly breeds in phytotelmata, small water pools in tree holes. It inhabits lowland rainforests and mid-elevation evergreen and deciduous forests between 50 and 1100 metres above sea level. Despite its range, the species remains rare and localised. The discovery marks the ecological importance of microhabitats like tree holes.
Significance of Discovery
The species was misidentified for over a decade due to reliance on superficial traits. This finding shows the need for close morphological examination in biodiversity studies. It also increases Kerala’s known odonate species to 191, with 78 being endemic. The discovery emphasises the hidden diversity in India’s forests.
Conservation Implications
Tree holes are vital breeding sites for *L. abrahami* and many other species. Loss of mature trees and forest canopy threatens these microhabitats. The dragonfly acts as an indicator of forest health. Protecting its habitat supports broader biodiversity conservation.
Research Methods
The team used field surveys, larval rearing, and comparative analysis with historical specimens. This approach helped identify diagnostic traits distinguishing the new species. The study corrected earlier misidentifications and expanded knowledge of odonate diversity.
Ecological Role
*Lyriothemis abrahami* contributes to forest ecosystem balance. Its presence indicates intact forest microhabitats. Conservation efforts targeting such species help preserve complex ecological networks in the Western Ghats.
Questions for UPSC:
- Point out the importance of microhabitats in forest ecosystems and their role in biodiversity conservation with suitable examples.
- Critically analyse the challenges of species identification in biodiversity studies and how modern techniques can address these issues.
- Estimate the impact of deforestation on endemic species in biodiversity hotspots such as the Western Ghats and outline conservation strategies.
- Underline the role of indicator species in assessing ecosystem health and explain how they aid environmental policy formulation.
