In recent news, a groundbreaking point-of-care test has proven to be highly effective in the swift diagnosis of Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), otherwise colloquially known as monkey fever. This development marks a significant advancement in managing and controlling this potentially fatal disease, especially in remote areas where healthcare facilities are limited.
Overview of Point-of-Care Test
The novel point-of-care test has been developed by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in conjunction with the National Institute of Virology. The test consists of a battery-operated Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analyser. The PCR is a portable and lightweight device, coupled with a universal cartridge-based sample pre-treatment kit and a nucleic acid extraction device. Together, these tools aid in efficient sample processing at the patient’s location.
Benefits of Point-of-Care Testing
KFD outbreaks largely occur in remote areas often devoid of well-equipped sample handling and laboratory testing facilities. The portability and efficiency of the point-of-care test significantly enhance diagnostic capabilities in such regions. Quick patient management becomes feasible, helping control the further spread of the virus.
About Kyasanur Forest Disease
Kyasanur Forest Disease is caused by the Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus (KFDV). The disease primarily targets humans and monkeys and was identified for the first time in 1957 during an outbreak in the Kyasanur Forest located in Karnataka. Since its identification, between 400-500 human cases have been reported annually. Over time, KFD emerged as a significant public health issue, spreading across the entire Western Ghats.
Transmission of Kyasanur Forest Disease
The KFDV virus is primarily preserved in nature within hard ticks (Haemaphysalis spinigera), monkeys, rodents, and birds. Humans may contract the disease via a tick bite or coming into contact with an infected animal, especially a sick or recently deceased monkey.
Symptoms of Kyasanur Forest Disease
The symptoms of KFD are characterised by chills, a frontal headache, body ache, and high fever that can last for five to 12 days. The fatality rate of the disease stands at between 3 to 5%.
Diagnosis of Kyasanur Forest Disease
The diagnosis of KFD can be accurately made in the early stages of the illness through molecular detection by PCR or virus isolation from blood samples. As the illness progresses, serologic testing using the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Serologic Assay (ELISA) can be conducted.
Treatment and Prevention of Kyasanur Forest Disease
Unfortunately, no specific treatment exists for KFD presently. However, a vaccine, identified as Formalin inactivated KFDV vaccine, is available and widely used in regions of India where the disease is endemic. It is crucial to note that vaccines are not effective once the person has contracted the fever.
