Kerala, Tamil Nadu Conduct Nilgiri Tahr Census

Kerala and Tamil Nadu initiated a joint census of the Nilgiri Tahr. This event marks the 50th anniversary of the Eravikulam National Park. The census aims to assess the population of this vulnerable species across both states. The survey will cover 89 blocks in Kerala and 176 blocks in Tamil Nadu.

Background of the Nilgiri Tahr

The Nilgiri Tahr is a mountain ungulate native to the Western Ghats. It is classified as a vulnerable species. The Tahr is primarily found in high-altitude areas. Its habitat includes grasslands and rocky terrains. The Eravikulam National Park is home to the largest population of Nilgiri Tahr.

Objectives of the Census

The census aims to provide accurate population data. This information will help in conservation efforts. It will also enhance understanding of genetic variation among the Tahr populations. The initiative seeks to raise awareness about wildlife conservation.

Census Methodology

The survey will utilise the ‘bounded count’ method. This involves estimating populations within defined areas. Camera traps will be deployed to capture images of the Tahr. Additionally, pellet samples will be collected for genetic analysis.

Team Composition and Logistics

Approximately 1,300 personnel will participate in the census. This team includes forest officials and trained wildlife volunteers. They will operate across various forest divisions. The census will span four days, from April 24 to 27.

Geographical Scope

The census covers diverse terrains in both states. In Kerala, it includes 20 forest divisions. The regions range from Thiruvananthapuram to Wayanad. In Tamil Nadu, the blocks are strategically selected to encompass key habitats.

Significance of the Census

The census is crucial for the conservation of the Nilgiri Tahr. It provides essential data for future wildlife management strategies. The initiative also strengthens collaboration between Kerala and Tamil Nadu. This partnership is vital for protecting shared wildlife resources.

Public Engagement and Awareness

The census serves as an opportunity to engage the public. Educational initiatives will accompany the survey. These efforts aim to promote wildlife conservation awareness among local communities.

Future Implications

The findings from the census will guide future conservation efforts. They will inform policy decisions regarding habitat protection and management. Increased awareness may also enhance eco-tourism in the region.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the importance of biodiversity conservation in the context of the Nilgiri Tahr census.
2. What are the key factors contributing to the vulnerability of the Nilgiri Tahr? Explain with examples.
3. Estimate the potential impact of climate change on the habitats of mountain ungulates like the Nilgiri Tahr.
4. Point out the role of local communities in wildlife conservation efforts. How can they be effectively engaged?

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the importance of biodiversity conservation in the context of the Nilgiri Tahr census.

1. Biodiversity conservation maintains ecosystem balance and resilience.
2. The Nilgiri Tahr census aids in understanding population dynamics of a vulnerable species.
3. Protecting the Tahr contributes to the preservation of the Western Ghats’ unique ecosystem.
4. Conservation efforts can enhance tourism and local economies through eco-tourism.
5. Data from the census will inform future conservation policies and habitat protection strategies.

2. What are the key factors contributing to the vulnerability of the Nilgiri Tahr? Explain with examples.

1. Habitat loss due to agriculture and urbanization reduces available grazing areas.
2. Climate change alters weather patterns, impacting food availability and habitat conditions.
3. Overgrazing by livestock competes with Tahr for resources in shared habitats.
4. Poaching and illegal hunting threaten their population numbers.
5. Genetic isolation due to fragmented habitats limits genetic diversity and resilience.

3. Estimate the potential impact of climate change on the habitats of mountain ungulates like the Nilgiri Tahr.

1. Rising temperatures may shift suitable habitats to higher elevations, reducing available range.
2. Altered rainfall patterns can affect the growth of grasses and shrubs, impacting food sources.
3. Increased frequency of extreme weather events can lead to habitat degradation.
4. Changes in vegetation may disrupt the ecological balance, affecting predator-prey relationships.
5. Climate-induced stress can lead to decreased reproductive success and population decline.

4. Point out the role of local communities in wildlife conservation efforts. How can they be effectively engaged?

1. Local communities can serve as stewards of their environment, aiding in monitoring wildlife.
2. Involvement in conservation initiatives encourages a sense of ownership and responsibility.
3. Education programs can raise awareness about the importance of biodiversity and conservation.
4. Incentives for eco-tourism can provide economic benefits, motivating conservation efforts.
5. Collaboration with NGOs and government can enhance resources and support for community-led initiatives.