The 2020 Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology was bequeathed to scientists Harvey J Alter and Charles M Rice of America, and Michael Houghton from Britain. The trio was recognized for their groundbreaking discovery of the Hepatitis C Virus, an achievement that emerged in 1982 after screening numerous DNA samples. A prestigious honor, the Nobel award also entails a gold medal alongside prize money amounting to 10 million Swedish kronor or over USD 1,118,000.
Understanding Hepatitis
Hepatitis denotes an inflammatory condition in the liver, typically initiated by a viral infection. However, various other triggers such as autoimmune responses, medications, drugs, toxins, and alcohol have also been identified. The spectrum of hepatitis viruses encompasses five main types – A, B, C, D, and E. To augment global awareness regarding viral hepatitis, World Hepatitis Day is commemorated every year on 28th July.
Hepatitis C: A Closer Look
The Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) causes Hepatitis C, which is contracted through direct exposure to infected body fluids, primarily via injection drug use and sexual contact. As per data by the World Health Organization, approximately 71 million individuals worldwide are chronically infected with the Hepatitis C virus. This virus is also a significant contributor to liver cancer cases globally. Even though a vaccine for the ailment is yet to be developed, anti-viral drugs have been known to be effective in its treatment.
The Impact of the Discovery
Unearthing the Hepatitis C virus has been pivotal in devising a cure for the disease. Now, efficient anti-viral drugs that can treat the ailment are available in the market. Tests to detect the presence of this virus in blood samples have also been formulated, ensuring that infected blood isn’t transfused to patients.
Hepatitis in India
In India, Hepatitis B and C have a significant presence, with 40 million people chronically infected with the Hepatitis B virus and a further 6 to 12 million with the Hepatitis C virus. In an effort to curb this situation, the National Viral Hepatitis Control Programme (NVHCP) was initiated in 2018. With the ambitious goal of eliminating Hepatitis C by 2030, this program stands as the most comprehensive initiative for the diagnosis and treatment of Hepatitis B and C across the globe.
Hepatitis B is also covered under India’s Universal Immunization Programme (UIP), which offers free vaccination against a total of 12 diseases that can be prevented through immunization. A significant milestone was achieved when Hyderabad-based Shantha Biotech manufactured the first recombinant DNA-based vaccine for Hepatitis B infection, a pivotal development in India’s fight against the virus.