Pinaka Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher – A Global Defence Asset

The Pinaka Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher (MBRL) has gained attention in the global defence market. Originally designed to replace the Soviet-era Grad BM-21, the Pinaka has evolved into a versatile and powerful artillery system. As of January 2025, the Indian Army is finalising substantial orders for this indigenous system, reflecting its growing importance and capability.

Overview of Pinaka MBRL

The Pinaka MBRL is named after Lord Shiva’s legendary bow. It was developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in India. The system features a free-flight artillery rocket with a range of up to 60 kilometres. It can fire 12 rockets in quick succession, allowing for rapid and devastating strikes on multiple targets. Its first deployment occurred during the Kargil War, where it effectively neutralised enemy positions.

Recent Developments

Recently, reports indicated that Armenia received the first lot of Pinaka systems. The Indian Army is set to finalise contracts worth Rs 10,200 crore for additional Pinaka systems. This includes Rs 5,700 crore for high-explosive pre-fragmented ammunition and Rs 4,500 crore for area denial munitions. The Army’s Chief, General Upendra Dwivedi, stated that if the extended-range ammunition meets their requirements, the Pinaka could become the primary focus of India’s artillery capabilities.

International Demand

The Pinaka MBRL has attracted interest from various countries, including France and several nations in ASEAN, Africa, and Europe. Its capabilities have positioned it as one of the most advanced artillery rocket systems globally. The system’s effectiveness in high-altitude operations has further enhanced its appeal to foreign buyers.

Strategic Importance

The Pinaka’s ability to deliver precise strikes at high altitudes makes it crucial for India’s strategic military objectives. With the induction of four regiments already completed, the Pinaka is being deployed in sensitive areas along the northern borders with China. Its performance in challenging terrains solidifies its reputation as a reliable artillery system.

Future Prospects

As global defence demand continues to rise, the Pinaka MBRL is expected to play a vital role in India’s military exports. The upcoming contracts and international interest signify a robust future for this indigenous system. The Indian Army’s commitment to enhancing its artillery capabilities will likely lead to further advancements in the Pinaka’s technology and operational effectiveness.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Examine the significance of indigenous defence systems in enhancing national security.
2. Discuss the impact of international arms trade on regional security dynamics.
3. Analyse the role of advanced artillery systems in modern warfare strategies.
4. Critically discuss the technological advancements in artillery systems and their implications for military operations.

Answer Hints:

1. Examine the significance of indigenous defence systems in enhancing national security.

1. Indigenous systems reduce dependency on foreign arms, enhancing self-reliance.
2. They promote local industry and technology development, boosting the economy.
3. Indigenous capabilities can be tailored to specific national security needs.
4. They improve rapid response to threats, ensuring timely military readiness.
5. Strengthening indigenous systems encourages national pride and confidence in defense.

2. Discuss the impact of international arms trade on regional security dynamics.

1. International arms trade can lead to an arms race, increasing regional tensions.
2. It can shift power balances, favoring nations with advanced military capabilities.
3. Trade agreements may strengthen alliances, impacting geopolitical strategies.
4. Access to modern weaponry can embolden nations to pursue aggressive policies.
5. It raises concerns about arms proliferation and the potential for conflict escalation.

3. Analyse the role of advanced artillery systems in modern warfare strategies.

1. Advanced artillery enhances precision strikes, reducing collateral damage.
2. They provide rapid, overwhelming firepower, crucial for offensive operations.
3. Modern systems integrate with technology for improved targeting and coordination.
4. They play a key role in deterrence, influencing enemy decision-making.
5. Artillery systems are vital for supporting ground troops in diverse terrains.

4. Critically discuss the technological advancements in artillery systems and their implications for military operations.

1. Technological advancements improve range, accuracy, and fire rate of artillery.
2. Smart munitions allow for precision targeting, minimizing unintended damage.
3. Integration with drones and surveillance enhances situational awareness and targeting.
4. Advanced systems can operate in diverse environments, including high altitudes.
5. They necessitate new training protocols and strategies for effective deployment.