The Prime Minister has recently commemorated Pandit Bhimsen Joshi, the legendary classical music vocalist, on his 100th birth anniversary. He remembered his contribution to the rich heritage of India’s classical music, emphasizing the significant roles he played in enhancing India’s cultural prominence.
Life and Musical Journey of Pandit Bhimsen Joshi
Pandit Bhimsen Joshi was born on February 4, 1922, and remains an iconic figure in the sphere of Indian classical music. He is particularly remembered for his soulful renditions of famous ragas such as Shuddha Kalyan, Miyan Ki Todi, Puriya Dhanashri, and Multani. His distinctive style and in-depth understanding of ragas helped him carve out a distinct place in the Indian musical landscape.
Recognition and Honours
In recognition of his immense contribution to Indian music, Joshi was conferred with the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award in 2008. The honor was a testament to Joshi’s skills and his immense dedication towards enriching the musical heritage of India.
Kirana Gharana and its Origin
Bhimsen Joshi belonged to the Kirana Gharana, which traces its origin to a small town called Kerana in Uttar Pradesh. The Gharana was founded by Ustad Abdul Karim Khan and has produced many renowned artists including Abdul Wahid Khan, Suresh Babu Mane, Hira Bai Badodekar, and Roshanara Begum.
A Glance at Hindustani Classical Music
Hindustani music, the school of music to which Joshi dedicated his life, is one of the two major schools of Indian classical music. The other being Carnatic music, dominant mainly in Southern India. Both music forms share historical roots, tracing back to Bharata’s Natyasastra.
Unlike Carnatic music, Hindustani music is vocal-centric with khayal, Ghazal, dhrupad, dhammar, Tarana, and thumri being the major vocal forms associated with it. Most Hindustani musicians trace their lineage to the great Tansen, one of the nine gems in Emperor Akbar’s court.
Gharana System in Indian Classical Music
The concept of ‘Gharana’ plays a crucial role in preserving and passing on the traditions of Indian classical music. A Gharana links musicians or dancers by lineage or apprenticeship and adherence to a particular musical style. The system functions through guru-shishya parampara, meaning disciples learn under a specific guru, transmitting his musical knowledge and style.
Various prominent Gharanas stand as pillars in the vast expanse of Indian classical music, including Gwalior Gharana founded by Nanthan Khan, Agra Gharana set up by Hajisujan Khan and Faiyyaz Khan, Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana established by Alladiya Khan, Kirana Gharana initiated by Abdul Wahid Khan, and Banaras Gharana by Ram Sahai.
Remembering Pandit Bhimsen Joshi is remembering an epitome of commitment and passion towards retaining the essence of Indian classical music. His legacy continues to inspire future generations, keeping the richness of India’s cultural heritage alive. Through his work and dedication, he has indelibly marked the history of Indian music.
