In an important cultural shift, the Supreme Court of India has unveiled a new statue of Lady Justice that reinterprets traditional representations of justice. This six-foot-tall statue depicts a saree-clad woman without a blindfold, holding scales and a copy of the Constitution of India instead of a sword. Chief Justice D Y Chandrachud, who commissioned the statue, emphasised that this reimagining signifies that Law is not blind; it sees everyone equally. This move aligns with ongoing legal reforms aimed at decolonising India’s legal framework and adapting it to contemporary societal values.
The Symbolism of Lady Justice
The figure of Lady Justice has deep roots in both Greek and Roman mythology. Themis, a Titaness from Greek lore, embodies justice and wisdom, often depicted with scales and a sword. The Roman equivalent, Justitia, also appears without a blindfold, representing a more nuanced understanding of justice. The blindfold, which has become a common feature in modern depictions, was first introduced in a satirical context in the 15th century, denoting the folly of blind justice rather than celebrating impartiality.
Evolution of the Blindfold
Desmond Manderson, a legal scholar, traced the origins of the blindfolded representation to a woodcut in “Ship of Fools” by Sebastian Brant, published in 1494. This image was critical of justice rather than an endorsement of its impartiality. By the 17th century, however, the blindfold had lost its satirical connotation and became synonymous with the ideal of justice. This evolution showcases how cultural perceptions can shift over time, influencing societal norms and legal practices.
Lady Justice in the Indian Context
The British Raj played a decisive role in introducing the iconography of Lady Justice to India, where it has since become entrenched in the legal landscape. Statues and carvings of Lady Justice can be found in many courthouses, including the historic Calcutta High Court and the Bombay High Court. These representations often depict her both with and without a blindfold, reflecting the complex interplay of colonial legacy and indigenous interpretations of justice.
Contemporary Reinterpretations
The new statue at the Supreme Court is not an isolated instance; it resonates with other contemporary artworks that depict Lady Justice in a manner reflective of Indian culture. A notable mural at the Supreme Court features Mahatma Gandhi alongside Lady Justice, with the latter donning a saree and holding a book in place of a sword. This artistic choice further underscores the importance of context and cultural identity in the representation of justice.
International Perspectives
The dialogue surrounding representations of Lady Justice is not limited to India. In Bangladesh, a statue of Themis was erected outside the Supreme Court in 2016, only to be met with protests from religious groups who perceived it as idol worship. The statue was subsequently relocated and ultimately demolished following political changes. This incident illustrates the tension between traditional iconography and modern societal values, a theme echoed in the recent developments in India.
Implications for Legal Reforms
The unveiling of the new statue coincides with broader legal reforms in India, including the introduction of new criminal codes aimed at modernising the legal system. These reforms are part of a larger movement to make the law more accessible and relevant to the diverse population of India. By reinterpreting symbols like Lady Justice, the judiciary signals its commitment to evolving in tandem with societal expectations and values.
Conclusion
The reimagining of Lady Justice at the Supreme Court of India represents a decisive moment in the ongoing dialogue about justice, equity, and cultural identity. By embracing a more inclusive and contextually relevant representation, the Indian judiciary not only honours its historical roots but also paves the way for a more equitable legal framework. This transformation reflects a broader commitment to ensuring that justice is not merely a concept but a lived reality for all citizens.
