The Rubber Board of India, in collaboration with the Central Government and the Automotive Tyre Manufacturers’ Association, has embarked on a project to expand natural rubber cultivation across Northeastern states (excluding Sikkim) and West Bengal. With tyre manufacturers being the primary consumers of rubber, a commitment of ₹1,000 crore has been made for this five-year project initiated in 2021.
Understanding the Current Landscape of Natural Rubber in India
Natural rubber is an essential raw material derived primarily from the latex of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) and enjoys a broad application range due to its versatility. This latex comprises a complex organic compound mixture featuring polyisoprene as the chief component.
Ideal Growing Conditions for Natural Rubber
The cultivation of natural rubber demands specific conditions: a tropical climate receiving 2000 – 4500 mm of rainfall annually, deep and lateritic fertile soil with an acidic pH of 4.5 to 6.0 lacking phosphorus, temperature ranging from 25 to 34°C, relative humidity of 80%, and averagely 2000 sunshine hours per annum or 6 hours daily. Areas prone to heavy winds are unsuitable for this purpose.
India’s Role in Global Rubber Production and Consumption
India holds a significant position in the global rubber industry as the world’s fifth-largest producer and the second-largest consumer. It’s noteworthy that about 40% of India’s total natural rubber demand is met through imports.
Distribution of Rubber Production in India
India holds close to 8.5 lakh hectares dedicated to rubber plantations. Kerala and Tamil Nadu, including Kanyakumari district, contribute nearly 5 lakh hectares to this, with Tripura adding around 1 lakh hectares to the tally.
Various Applications of Natural Rubber
Natural rubber is indispensable across several industries like tyre manufacturing, automotive parts production, footwear industry, industrial goods manufacturing, medical devices, consumer goods and sports goods due to its grip, wear resistance, cushioning, and slip-resistant properties.
The Rubber Board: An Overview
The Rubber Board is a statutory body formed under the Rubber Act, 1947. Operating under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry’s administrative control, it consists of a Chairman appointed by the Central Government and 28 members representing various sectors of the natural rubber industry. The organization, headquartered in Kottayam, Kerala, focuses on developing India’s rubber industry through research, development, extension, and training activities related to rubber.
Note: UPSC Civil Services Examination Previous Year Questions (2008, 2019) related to the topic are included for reference and preparation purposes.
