In the recent news, Russian citizens have endorsed several constitutional amendments—including one that extends the presidency of Vladimir Putin—through a countrywide referendum. The other amendments regard government reorganisation, pension and wage increases, a ban on gay marriage, restrictions on dual citizenship for high-ranking officials, the establishment of a fundamental belief in God, and an emphasis on national Constitution’s supremacy over international treaties and rulings.
Context and Importance of the Referendum
Initially scheduled for April 2020 but postponed due to the COVID-19 outbreak, this referendum allows the entirety of the electorate to express their opinion on a specified proposal, reflecting the principle of direct democracy.
This recent vote carries significant implications for the terms of presidential service. Although the current Russian Constitution prohibits more than two consecutive terms of presidency, these new amendments reset Mr. Putin’s terms, allowing him to run for another two six-year terms after his current one expires in 2024.
Impact of the Amendments
These constitutional changes enhance the State Council’s influence, an advisory body, and aid tightening Putin’s control over Russia. Despite prior approvals from both Parliament and the Supreme Court, a vote was conducted to gain popular approval and legitimacy. Preliminary results from the Election Commission reveal nearly 78% of voters backing these amendments, with a voter turnout of 65%.
Putin at the Helm: Past, Present, and Future
Putin first ascended to the presidency in 2000 and completed two terms before exchanging roles with Dmitry Medvedev. During Medvedev’s presidency, Putin retained significant power as Prime Minister. Post Medvedev’s single term, Putin resumed presidency and is currently serving his second term of his second stint, set to terminate in 2024. If Putin remains in power for two additional terms, he will be recorded as the longest-serving Russian leader since Peter the Great, who ruled the Russian Empire for 43 years until 1725.
The Challenges Russia Faces
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) reports that Russia’s economy has seen no dollar-based expansion for a decade and predicts a GDP decline of 6.6% in 2020 due to the pandemic and plummeting oil prices. The country’s relationship with the West is strained, and sanctions imposed after the annexation of Crimea in 2014 persist, impacting Russia’s economic and political spheres. Despite its successful intervention in preventing the Syrian regime from collapsing, the Syrian crisis remains unsolved. Russia also faces allegations of meddling in other countries’ elections.
The Path Ahead
Putin inherited a Russia grappling with economic instability. Today, he is tasked with revitalizing the state and the economy, restoring Russia’s global standing, and navigating the challenges posed by domestic and international situations. Only time will reveal the effectiveness of these new constitutional amendments and their impact on Russia’s future trajectory.
