The sacred Hoysala temples in Karnataka, including Belur, Halebid, and Somnathpur, have gained UNESCO World Heritage status. These 12th-13th century temples blend Dravidian, Bhumija, Nagara, and Karnata Dravida architectural styles, creating a unique Hoysala Temple form. Notable among them are the Chennakeshava Temple in Belur, dedicated to Vishnu, the Hoysaleshwara Temple in Halebid, known for its intricate wall sculptures, and the Keshava Temple in Somanathapura, dedicated to various forms of Vishnu. The Hoysalas, who ruled from Dwarasamudra (Halebeedu), were patrons of Shaivism, Vaishnavism, and Jainism and made significant contributions to Kannada and Sanskrit literature.
Facts/Terms for UPSC Prelims
- Dravidian Architectural Style: Dravidian architecture is characterized by its pyramid-like temple towers (gopurams), intricate carvings, and grand entrances. It is prominent in South India and is a key feature of the Hoysala temples.
- Bhumija Style: Bhumija is an architectural style characterized by star-shaped ground plans and is typically found in central India. The Hoysala temples incorporate elements of this style.
- Nagara Style: Nagara architecture is a North Indian temple style known for its towering spires (shikharas) and is also evident in the Hoysala temples.
- Karnata Dravida: A regional variation of Dravidian architecture, Karnata Dravida is associated with Karnataka and features a combination of Dravidian and regional elements.
- UNESCO World Heritage Status: UNESCO designates sites of outstanding cultural or natural significance as World Heritage Sites to protect and preserve them for future generations. The Hoysala temples were recognized for their historical and architectural importance.