The recent inauguration of the Sankalp Smarak, marking 78 years since Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose’s return to India, brings to light a significant historical event. This article aims to delve into the facts surrounding this major event and its relevance.
The Sankalp Smarak: A Tribute and Rememberance
Constructed in Andaman and Nicobar, The Sankalp Smarak stands as a tribute to the undying determination of Indian National Army soldiers and honors their countless sacrifices. It serves not just as an homage but also as an embodiment of the values uphel by Netaji himself – “Nishtha, Kartavya aur Balidan” which translates to “Commitment, Duty and Sacrifice”. These principles define the ethos of the Indian Armed Forces and reflect the resilient spirit of the Indian soldier.
The Historical Significance of Smarak
Netaji’s evasion of British surveillance from Kolkata on January 16, 1941, and his subsequent return to Indian soil nearly three years later at Port Blair Aerodrome, holds significant historical weight. On 30th December 1943, Bose hoisted the national flag for the first time on Indian soil, giving the event profound importance. His vigorous presence, as the Head of the Provisional Government of Azad Hind (Known as Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind) and Supreme Commander of the Indian National Army, symbolically fulfilled his promise that the Indian National Army would be present on Indian soil by the end of 1943. This marked a declaration of Andaman and Nicobar Islands as the first liberated territory of India.
About Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose
Born on 23rd January 1897, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose is one of India’s most celebrated freedom fighters. He earned the title ‘Netaji’ in 1942 while in Germany, given to him by Indian soldiers of the Azad Hind Fauj. Bose is known for his iconic slogans “Give me blood, and I shall give you freedom!” and “Jai Hind”. Also, it is credited that he was the first to address Mahatma Gandhi as the “Father of the Nation” in his speech from Singapore.
Formation of the Indian National Army
In July 1943, Netaji reached Japanese-controlled Singapore from Germany. From there, he issued his famous call ‘Delhi Chalo’ and announced the formation of the Indian National Army (INA) on 21st October 1943. Initially composed of Indian prisoners of war from the British-Indian Army captured by Japan in the Malayan campaign and at Singapore, the INA’s strength eventually swelled to 50,000, with both Indian prisoners of war and Indian civilians in South-East Asia enlisting. Despite dissolving after the fall of Rangoon, the INA left an indelible mark on history.
The Impact of INA on India’s Freedom Struggle
The experience of the INA sparked a wave of resentment against the British rule in the Indian Army, leading to significant national upheavals such as the great Bombay naval strike of February 1946. This unrest played a crucial role in prompting the British administration to expedite their withdrawal from India.
Composition of the INA
The INA was non-communal, with considerable representation from Muslims amongst its officers and ranks. It also pioneered the formation of a women’s detachment, named after the Rani of Jhansi. The non-sectarian nature of the INA, coupled with its emphasis on gender inclusivity, stands as a testament to the progressive facets of the movement.
