Strengthening Wastepickers’ Rights in India

On Labour Day 2025, the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (MoSJE) signed a Letter of Agreement with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). This landmark initiative aims to recognise the vital role of wastepickers in waste collection, recovery, and recycling. The agreement enhances wastepickers’ access to finance and technology, promoting a safer work environment.

Background of the Initiative

The initiative is part of the National Action for Mechanised Sanitation Ecosystem (NAMASTE) Scheme. The scheme was launched to include wastepickers formally in India’s sanitation framework. By recognising their contributions, the government aims to improve their livelihoods and working conditions.

Key Objectives of the NAMASTE Scheme

The NAMASTE Scheme focuses on enumerating 250,000 wastepickers nationwide. It seeks to provide them with occupational photo ID cards. This initiative will ensure their formal identity and access to various government benefits.

Financial and Technical Support

The UNDP will assist in establishing State Project Management Units (PMUs). This support aims to streamline coordination between central and state authorities. Enhanced collaboration will lead to more effective implementation of the scheme’s objectives.

Benefits for Wastepickers

The scheme offers several benefits to wastepickers. These include health insurance under Ayushman Bharat-PMJAY, skill development training, and provision of personal protective equipment (PPE). Additionally, capital subsidies for waste collection vehicles will be provided.

Progress and Achievements

Since the rollout of the NAMASTE Scheme, over 5,000 wastepickers have been profiled across various states. This profiling is conducted through a dedicated mobile application, ensuring a robust database for extending benefits. The initiative marks milestone in the formal recognition of wastepickers.

Formation of Collectives

The scheme encourages the formation and strengthening of wastepicker collectives. These collectives will manage Decentralised Waste Collection Centres (DWCCs). This empowerment will improve their livelihoods and create a more sustainable waste management system.

Future Prospects

The collaboration between MoSJE and UNDP is expected to enhance the overall effectiveness of waste management in India. The focus on wastepickers will contribute to a more inclusive and sustainable environment.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically discuss the role of wastepickers in urban sanitation and their impact on waste management in India.
2. Examine the objectives and expected outcomes of the National Action for Mechanised Sanitation Ecosystem (NAMASTE) Scheme.
3. Estimate the challenges faced by informal waste workers in India and the measures needed for their formal inclusion.
4. Analyse the significance of public-private partnerships in enhancing waste management practices in urban areas.

Answer Hints:

1. Critically discuss the role of wastepickers in urban sanitation and their impact on waste management in India.

1. Wastepickers play important role in collecting and sorting waste, preventing environmental pollution.
2. They contribute to recycling efforts, reducing the burden on landfills.
3. Wastepickers often work in hazardous conditions, lacking safety measures and recognition.
4. Formal inclusion can enhance their livelihoods and improve urban sanitation standards.
5. Recognizing their contributions can lead to better waste management policies and practices.

2. Examine the objectives and expected outcomes of the National Action for Mechanised Sanitation Ecosystem (NAMASTE) Scheme.

1. The primary objective is to formally include 250,000 wastepickers in the sanitation ecosystem.
2. It aims to provide wastepickers with occupational photo ID cards for formal identity.
3. Expected outcomes include improved access to government benefits and health insurance.
4. The scheme promotes skill development and the provision of essential equipment for waste management.
5. It seeks to empower wastepicker collectives, enhancing their livelihoods and sustainability.

3. Estimate the challenges faced by informal waste workers in India and the measures needed for their formal inclusion.

1. Challenges include lack of recognition, poor working conditions, and limited access to financial resources.
2. Informal waste workers often face health risks due to exposure to hazardous waste.
3. Measures for formal inclusion include providing legal recognition and occupational identity cards.
4. Access to training and financial support can enhance their operational capabilities.
5. Creating a supportive policy framework is essential for their integration into formal waste management systems.

4. Analyse the significance of public-private partnerships in enhancing waste management practices in urban areas.

1. Public-private partnerships can leverage resources and expertise for more efficient waste management.
2. Collaboration can lead to innovative solutions and technologies for waste collection and recycling.
3. Such partnerships can improve infrastructure and services in urban sanitation systems.
4. They facilitate investment in sustainable waste management practices and community engagement.
5. Effective partnerships can enhance accountability and transparency in waste management operations.