There are three primary institutions at the national level in India that are dedicated to combating corruption: the Lokpal, the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC), and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). Each organization plays a vital role in monitoring, preventing, and investigating cases of corruption. However, we will elaborate more on the CVC, which serves as the peak vigilance institution and operates free from the influence of any executive authority.
Background and Establishment of the CVC
The Central Vigilance Commission was established by the Indian Government in February 1964. The initiative followed recommendations from the Committee on Prevention of Corruption, which was headed by K. Santhanam. Later, the Parliament enacted the Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003 (CVC Act), conferring statutory status on the CVC, making it an independent organization responsible solely to the Parliament.
Composition of the CVC
The CVC is composed of multiple members, including a Central Vigilance Commissioner, who serves as the Chairperson, and up to two Vigilance Commissioners. These appointees are selected by the President based on the recommendations of a committee. The committee comprises of the Prime Minister acting as the chairperson, the Minister of Home Affairs, and the Leader of the Opposition in the House of the People.
Tenure of the CVC’s Members
Once appointed, the Central Vigilance Commissioner and the Vigilance Commissioners serve a term of four years. This term can end earlier if they reach the age of 65 before completing their four-year tenure.
Role and Functions of the CVC
One of the key functions of the CVC is to exercise superintendence over the operation of the Delhi Special Police Establishment (CBI) – specifically concerning investigations related to the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. The CVC also receives and handles complaints regarding corruption or misuse of office, and it recommends appropriate action based on its findings.
Who Can Approach the CVC?
A number of bodies and individuals can approach the CVC with concerns of corruption. These include the Central government, the Lokpal, and whistleblowers who report misconduct within an organization.
Investigation Procedure
Interestingly, the CVC does not have its own investigation wing. Instead, it relies on the Central Bureau of Investigation and the Chief Vigilance Officers (CVOs) of central organizations for investigations. Conversely, the CBI operates its investigative wing, drawing on its powers from the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act.
By providing a transparent and effective system to tackle corruption, these institutions aim to uphold integrity and accountability in the administration. As we delve further into the operations and contributions of each organisation, we gain a broader understanding of their roles in fighting corruption at a national level.
