The recent doping scandal involving two of India’s Olympians has brought attention to the misuse of anabolic steroids. The athletes failed their drug tests due to the presence of these banned substances, which are often used for enhancing performance in sports. This article details the nature, medical uses, and potential health impacts of these performance-enhancing substances.
Understanding Anabolic Steroids
Anabolic steroids are synthetic versions of the male hormone testosterone, crafted in laboratories. They are commonly used by bodybuilders owing to their muscle mass increasing effects, mirroring the natural impact of testosterone. Usage of these substances can also amplify certain male characteristics, like facial hair growth and voice deepening.
Anabolic Steroids Vs. Corticosteroids
Contrarily, anabolic steroids should not be confused with corticosteroids – doctor-prescribed steroids used to manage inflammations, address autoimmune diseases, or suppress the immune system during a Covid-19 infection. Corticosteroids emulate the hormone cortisol, which governs stress response, metabolism, and inflammation. Unlike corticosteroids, anabolic steroids have limited legal medicinal applications.
Medical Uses of Anabolic Steroids
The medical application of anabolic steroids is restricted. They are predominantly used in healthcare to assist patients in regaining weight after severe illnesses or injuries. Doctors may prescribe these substances in small measures to elderly individuals for muscle development and occasionally for treating anemia. Men with low natural testosterone levels might also be administered anabolic steroids. Some healthcare professionals might use these to manage osteoarthritis, a condition involving progressive bone degradation.
Misuse of Anabolic Steroids
The primary misuse of anabolic steroids comes from individuals seeking muscle gain. A Bhubaneshwar-based 2019 study revealed that out of 74 steroid users, only one was a professional bodybuilder. Nearly 18.9% were students, highlighting the substances’ usage beyond professional athletes. Meanwhile, a 2018 Jammu and Kashmir study disclosed that 7.1% of athletes used anabolic steroids.
Health Impacts of Anabolic Steroids
Short-term use of steroids can result in acne outbreaks and hair loss. Prolonged misuse might lead to gynaecomastia (breast growth in men) and erectile dysfunction. Among women, it could spur facial hair growth. Additionally, anabolic steroids can trigger extreme anger, paranoia, and impaired judgment. Thus, despite their attractive muscle-building benefits, the potential health risks associated with anabolic steroids are significant.
