The recent rescue of two sloth bears in a Jharkhand village has brought attention to the efforts of People for Animals (PFA), an animal welfare organization, and their collaboration with local communities to save endangered species. The sloth bears were taken into protection from the nomadic community of Madaris, known for its livelihood earned through street acts with animals. This event has increased public interest in the life, habitat, and challenges faced by sloth bears.
Introduction to Sloth Bears
Sloth bears, scientifically named Melursus ursinus, are uniquely found in the lowland areas of Sri Lanka, India, Bhutan, and Nepal. Unlike other bear species, sloth bears primarily consume ants and termites, carrying their offspring on their backs routinely. A notable trait of these creatures is their affinity towards honey, leading to their alternative identification as “honey bear”. Contrary to common bear behavior, sloth bears do not hibernate.
Habitat
Sloth bears are a forest-dwelling species and belong to the Ursidae family, which comprises eight distinct species of bears. They typically inhabit the tropical or subtropical regions, predominantly in countries such as India and Sri Lanka.
Protection Status
According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), sloth bears are cataloged as ‘vulnerable’ on the red list. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) also places them in Appendix I. Additionally, in India, the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 includes sloth bears in Schedule I, indicating high protection level.
Threats
Despite the protections in place, sloth bears face various threats impacting their survival. These include habitat loss, often due to deforestation and infrastructural development, and poaching for body parts used in illegal trade. They are also sometimes captured for use in performances or hunted due to their aggressive behavior and crop destruction.
Previous Questions in UPSC Civil Services Exam
The understanding of endangered species, such as the sloth bear, is not only vital for conservation but also frequently appears in competitive exams. For instance, in the 2012 Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) Civil Services Exam, candidates were asked to identify groups of animals classified as endangered species. The correct answer included the Great Indian Bustard, Musk Deer, Red Panda, and Asiatic Wild Ass.
