Recent geopolitical events have seen Ukraine requesting the United States (US) to label Russia as a “state sponsor of terrorism”. And while this possible designation could evoke a harsh set of sanctions against Russia, it’s essential to consider the political and judicial frameworks in play. We also reflect on the potential impact of these proceedings on India’s international interests.
The Terrorist Designation: Meaning and Mechanisms
The US Secretary of State, responsible primarily for foreign relations, has the authority to label countries that repeatedly support acts of international terrorism as “State Sponsors of Terrorism”. This designation triggers four categories of sanctions, including restrictions on US foreign assistance, a ban on defense exports and sales, controls over dual-use items exports, and various financial and other restrictions.
The Current List of ‘State Sponsors of Terrorism’
Currently, the list includes four nations: Syria (designated in 1979), Iran (designated in 1984), North Korea (designated in 2017), and Cuba (re-designated in 2021).
Statutes Authorizing the Terrorist Designation
Three legislative provisions currently sanction the terrorist designation. These include the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, which bans the transfer of most aid, the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), influencing exports, credits, guarantees, and other financial assistances, and the Export Controls Act of 2018.
India’s Stance in the Russia-Ukraine Conflict
India has consistently abstained from voting in resolutions related to the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine at different international platforms – the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC), and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). This approach aligns with India’s strategic interests concerning both Russia and the US.
Way Forward: Balancing Relationships Amid Tensions
Though Russia’s attack on Ukraine is a severe breach of international law, it doesn’t technically fit the terrorist designation criteria. However, other actions by Russia over the past decade might. If the US designates Russia as a state sponsor of terrorism, it could possibly escalate tensions between the two nations. In such a scenario, it becomes crucial for India to maintain a balanced relationship with both countries, given its significant ties with them.
Notably, India’s relations with Russia have primarily focused on energy and defence, with bilateral trade amounting to USD 11 billion – the majority of which being Indian purchases of Russian military equipment. This economic attention underlines the importance of maintaining harmonious relations with both countries amidst these global geopolitical developments.
