Uttarakhand, a Himalayan state known for its rich biodiversity and 69% forest cover, has initiated a pioneering programme to revive 14 critically endangered plant species. This effort marks step in India’s conservation landscape by focusing on flora preservation alongside wildlife protection. The initiative is led by the Uttarakhand Forest Department’s research wing and aims to restore rare plants to their natural habitats.
Context and Significance
Uttarakhand is a biodiversity hotspot with unique floral diversity, especially in high-altitude ecosystems. Many plant species here are endemic to the Western Himalayas and hold ecological, medicinal, and cultural importance. However, threats like overharvesting, habitat loss, climate change, and poor natural regeneration have pushed many species to the brink of extinction.
Target Species and Conservation Efforts
The programme targets 14 endangered species listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the Uttarakhand State Biodiversity Board. Notable species include Trayman, Red Crane Orchid, White Himalayan Lily, Kumaon Fan Palm, Jatamansi, and Himalayan Arnebia. These plants are vital for their medicinal value and ecological roles.
Scientific Approach and Implementation
The Forest Department’s research centres have successfully cultivated these species in controlled environments. The natural habitats have been scientifically mapped for reintroduction. With the onset of the monsoon, the plants are being replanted in their original locations after necessary soil enhancement. The first phase aims to complete planting by July.
Broader Impact and Future Prospects
This initiative is the first of its kind in India focusing on endangered plants with the same intensity as wildlife conservation. Success here could serve as a model for other states. It puts stress on the importance of plant conservation for maintaining ecological balance and preserving medicinal resources.
Challenges and Conservation Needs
Endangered plants face challenges such as habitat degradation, climate variability, and unsustainable exploitation. Conservation requires continuous monitoring, habitat restoration, and community involvement. The programme marks the urgent need to integrate plant conservation into national biodiversity strategies.
Role of Medicinal Plants
Many targeted species have medicinal properties. Overexploitation for traditional medicine has contributed to their decline. Protecting these plants safeguards not only biodiversity but also traditional knowledge and healthcare resources.
Community and Government Involvement
The programme involves collaboration between forest officials, researchers, and local communities. Awareness and participation at the grassroots level are critical for sustainable conservation. Government support ensures resources and policy backing.
Questions for UPSC:
- Critically analyse the role of biodiversity hotspots like Uttarakhand in national ecological security and sustainable development.
- Explain the importance of plant conservation in India’s biodiversity strategy and how it complements wildlife protection efforts.
- What are the impacts of climate change on Himalayan ecosystems? How do these changes threaten endemic species and what adaptive measures can be implemented?
- With suitable examples, discuss the significance of medicinal plants in traditional healthcare and the challenges in their conservation in India.
