A recent report titled “Uncovering the Invisible: Successes and Challenges for Wildlife Crime Prosecution in Europe” sheds light on the alarming number of wildlife crimes that go unnoticed or unpunished in Europe. The study, conducted by the LIFE SWiPE project, emphasizes the need for improved prosecution and highlights the prevalence of suspended imprisonment as the most common form of punishment. With wildlife crimes often slipping through the cracks, it is imperative to address the gaps in enforcement and enhance measures to combat this illicit activity.
The LIFE SWiPE Project:
The LIFE SWiPE project, implemented by renowned organizations such as WWF, Flora and Fauna International, TRAFFIC, and others, focuses on wildlife crime prosecution in 11 European countries. These countries include Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Ukraine, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, and Spain. The project aims to uncover the challenges and successes in combating wildlife crimes and proposes recommendations to strengthen the prosecution of offenders.
Types of Wildlife Crimes:
Between 2016 and 2020, the study identified various forms of wildlife crimes prevalent in Europe. The illegal killing of wildlife accounted for 27% of reported cases, making it the most common offense. The use of poisoned baits constituted 16% of crimes, while prohibited hunting methods and illegal wildlife trade accounted for 14% and 13%, respectively. Among the targeted species, birds were the most frequently affected.
Targeted Species and Illegal Trade:
The goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) emerged as the most targeted bird species. In Ukraine, they were particularly affected by illegal trade. In Italy, over 410 poaching cases were reported during the study period, with songbirds being hunted for consumption. These songbirds were often caught alive in other countries and exported to Italy. Raptors, reptiles, parrots, and tortoises were also targeted for their skins or body parts.
Underreporting and Undetected Crimes:
One of the significant challenges highlighted by the LIFE SWiPE project is the underreporting and detection of wildlife crimes. Official statistics often fail to capture the true extent of the issue. For instance, in Bulgaria, official records only reported four brown bear deaths, while media reports and conservation organizations revealed an additional 21 killings. This discrepancy underscores the need for improved data collection and reporting mechanisms.
Recommendations for Effective Prosecution:
- The report presents several recommendations to strengthen wildlife crime prosecution in Europe. Firstly, the establishment of a specialized police force dedicated to combating wildlife crimes would enhance enforcement efforts. Additionally, the use of advanced technology, such as drones and GPS, can aid in monitoring endangered species and detecting illegal activities. Training dogs to identify poisoning incidents and wildlife crimes is another valuable suggestion.
- Furthermore, the creation of a centralized database to register wildlife crimes would facilitate comprehensive data collection and analysis. This, coupled with increased financial resources, would enable more effective law enforcement. Strengthening coordination and cooperation across European borders is crucial to combat transnational wildlife crime.
- Lastly, addressing legal loopholes, curbing the purchase of illegal hunting gear, and providing comprehensive training to authorities and judicial officials are essential steps toward improving the implementation and enforcement of wildlife protection laws.
