Mahatma Gandhi, commonly known as the “Father of the Nation,” held a prominent place during the Indian Freedom Struggle. His philosophies of truth and non-violence are relevant to the present, shaping our values and practices for a better India. With the celebration of Gandhi’s 154th birthday on October 2nd, 2023, it is vital to reminisce on his remarkable footprint in various aspects of society including his ever-present image on Indian currency, his principles advocating for environmental sustainability, and his fondness for music.
Mahatma Gandhi and Indian Legal Banknotes
The image of Mahatma Gandhi graces the Indian legal banknotes across all denominations. A 1946 photograph taken of him alongside British politician Lord Frederick William Pethick-Lawrence inspired the portrait seen today. The central government, considering recommendations from the central board, approved this design under Section 25 of the RBI Act, 1934.
The first currency note featuring Gandhi was released in 1969, marking his 100th birth anniversary. He then became a regular feature on the Rs. 500 note launched in October 1987. By 1996, owing to his widespread national appeal, the Reserve Bank of India launched a new ‘Mahatma Gandhi Series’ replacing the previous Ashoka Pillar bank notes.
Mahatma Gandhi’s Teachings and Sustainability
Gandhi’s teachings continue to guide us in promoting sustainable lifestyles and environmental respect. His principle of simple living, or “Sarvodaya,” encourages individuals to be minimalist and conserve resources. This reflects in his support for self-sufficiency at community levels and decentralization of power, advocating for local production and consumption which reduces environmental impacts and fosters self-reliance.
Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence or “Ahimsa” extends to the ethical treatment of animals and the environment. He championed sustainable agriculture using natural fertilizers, traditional farming methods, conservation of natural resources, and respect for nature.
Mahatma Gandhi’s Connection with Music
Gandhi had a deep spiritual connection with music. He relied on devotional music such as bhajans (Hindu religious songs) for solace and connection with his inner self. Inspirational and patriotic songs were tools he used to unite people during the independence struggle.
During his periods of fasting and silence, music played a crucial role in expressing his thoughts and feelings. It also fostered community unity during non-violent movements like the Salt March.
Gandhi was an advocate for the preservation of folk music and arts. His preference for simple, melodious tunes reflected his philosophy of simplicity and minimalism.
UPSC Civil Services Examination, Previous Year Question (PYQ)
In the 2021 UPSC Civil Services Examination, the question “Who among the following is associated with ‘Songs from Prison’, a translation of ancient Indian religious lyrics in English?” was asked with Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi as the correct answer (option c).
In 2019, the question pertaining to Mahatma Gandhi’s role in the British colonial rule in India was asked, with the correct option being (b), implying that Mahatma Gandhi played a significant role in the abolition of the system of ‘indentured labour’ and after the breaking of Salt Law by Indian people, the Indian National Congress was declared illegal by the colonial rulers.
Mains Examination Question
For a main examination type question, candidates might be asked: “Bring out the constructive programmes of Mahatma Gandhi during Non-Cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement.” This question aims to assess the understanding and insight into the ideologies that Mahatma Gandhi stood for during key events in India’s freedom struggle.
