Angiostrongylus cantonensis, commonly known as the rat lungworm, is a parasitic nematode primarily found in rats but recently spreading in southeastern America. While rats are the primary hosts, humans and animals like snails and slugs can become infected as incidental hosts. The parasite is transmitted through rat feces and can infect humans via contaminated produce or food items. Infection can lead to a rare brain condition called eosinophilic meningitis, with symptoms including headaches, neck stiffness, fevers, vomiting, and skin discomfort. Although most cases resolve without specific treatment, severe infections may result in coma or death. There is currently no specific cure for the parasite, and treatments focus on managing symptoms.
Facts/Terms for UPSC Prelims
- Nematode (Roundworm): Nematodes are a diverse group of worms with cylindrical bodies. They can be parasitic or free-living and are found in various environments. Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a parasitic nematode.
- Eosinophilic Meningitis: Eosinophilic meningitis is a rare form of meningitis characterized by inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is caused by parasitic infections like Angiostrongylus cantonensis and is associated with symptoms such as headaches and neck stiffness.
- Incidental Hosts: Incidental hosts are organisms that become infected with a parasite but are not the primary host. In the case of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, humans and certain animals (like snails and slugs) can become incidental hosts when they accidentally ingest the parasite.
- Coma: Coma is a profound state of unconsciousness where a person is unresponsive to external stimuli. Severe cases of eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis can lead to coma, although such instances are rare.
