Climate Change Impact on Gangasagar Mela 2025

The Gangasagar Mela, Hindu festival held annually on Sagar Island, West Bengal, has faced unprecedented challenges due to climate change. In January 2025, the festival experienced unusual warmth, with morning temperatures exceeding the long-term average by 1.25 degrees Celsius. This shift has raised concerns about the future of the festival and its implications for the local environment and community.

Climate Change Effects

Rising sea levels and temperatures have severely impacted Sagar Island. Half of the six ghats used for rituals have eroded. Local scientists confirm that the warm weather is atypical for this time of year. The reduction in fog has contributed to the perception of increased warmth. This climatic shift affects not only the experience of devotees but also the natural landscape of the island.

Festival Management

Despite climatic adversities, the state government has undertaken extensive measures for festival management. Approximately 2,500 buses, nine barges, and 120 launches were deployed to facilitate pilgrim movement. The presence of 13,000 police personnel ensured safety and order. Many attendees praised the arrangements, denoting improvements in facilities over the years.

Future Challenges

The ongoing effects of climate change pose long-term challenges for the Gangasagar Mela. Erosion and rising temperatures threaten the very fabric of this cultural event. The political tussle over funding and recognition may hinder efforts to address these environmental issues. Continuous adaptation will be necessary to preserve the festival’s legacy.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Discuss the implications of climate change on traditional festivals in India.
2. Critically examine the political dynamics surrounding the recognition of regional festivals in India.
3. Explain the significance of Sagar Island in the context of environmental changes and cultural heritage.
4. With suitable examples, discuss the role of state and central governments in managing large-scale public events in India.

Answer Hints:

1. Discuss the implications of climate change on traditional festivals in India.

1. Climate change leads to extreme weather conditions, affecting attendance and rituals.
2. Rising temperatures can alter traditional experiences, as seen in the Gangasagar Mela.
3. Environmental degradation, such as erosion, threatens the venues of these festivals.
4. Festivals may need to adapt logistics and scheduling to accommodate changing climates.
5. Community awareness and involvement in climate action are essential for preservation.

2. Critically examine the political dynamics surrounding the recognition of regional festivals in India.

1. Political parties often leverage festivals for electoral gains, influencing funding and support.
2. Regional festivals like Gangasagar Mela face competition for recognition against larger events like Kumbh Mela.
3. Accusations of neglect from central governments can create local political tensions.
4. Recognition can lead to increased resources, but communication gaps hinder progress.
5. Public sentiment can sway political decisions regarding festival support and funding.

3. Explain the significance of Sagar Island in the context of environmental changes and cultural heritage.

1. Sagar Island is important pilgrimage site, holding deep cultural and religious significance.
2. Environmental changes, such as rising sea levels, threaten both the island and its cultural practices.
3. The erosion of ghats impacts traditional rituals and community gatherings.
4. Preserving Sagar Island is vital for maintaining cultural heritage amidst climate challenges.
5. Efforts to mitigate environmental impacts can enhance community resilience and cultural continuity.

4. With suitable examples, discuss the role of state and central governments in managing large-scale public events in India.

1. State governments often take the lead in organizing logistics and security for local festivals.
2. The central government may provide funding and resources for major events, as seen with Kumbh Mela.
3. Coordination between state and central authorities is crucial for successful event management.
4. Public infrastructure improvements are often initiated by state governments to support festivals.
5. Effective communication between governments can enhance the management of large-scale events.