Denotified, nomadic and semi-nomadic tribes (DNTs) remain poorly covered under welfare delivery in several States, with the Union government noting that only seven States are currently issuing DNT community certificates. The issue has affected access to targeted benefits, including housing support under PMAY-G, and has renewed debate on enumeration, classification and administrative recognition of these communities.
Welfare Delivery Gaps
The Union Social Justice and Empowerment Ministry has said that State and Union Territory support has been inadequate despite repeated letters and advisories over nearly a decade. It has sought lists of eligible DNT beneficiaries awaiting housing allotments under PMAY-G. It has also asked States to share population estimates and community lists.
Community Certificates Issue
DNT communities have long argued that the absence of community certificates blocks access to welfare schemes meant for them. They say the lack of certification leaves many unable to prove identity for benefits. The Ministry has urged States to issue DNT certificates and establish grievance redress mechanisms.
Historical Background of DNTs
Nearly 1,200 communities were once labelled criminal under colonial rule. They were denotified in 1952 after the repeal of the Criminal Tribes Act. Since then, many have been placed in the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes or Other Backward Classes lists. However, nearly 300 communities remain unclassified.
Current Policy Debate
Community leaders argue that misclassification within SC, ST and OBC categories has deepened marginalisation. Some groups have sought a separate DNT classification. The Ministry has said no proposal for a new classification is under consideration. Officials have indicated that Census 2027 will count these communities during enumeration.
Last Modified: April 25, 2026