In the wake of the Haryana Assembly polls, the Election Commission of India (ECI) faced scrutiny over the integrity of the voting process. Allegations from the Congress party regarding discrepancies in Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) and their battery life sparked a nationwide debate on electoral transparency. The ECI’s rejection of these claims has raised questions about the reliability of EVMs and the protocols in place to ensure fair elections.
The Role of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs)
EVMs were introduced in India to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the electoral process. These machines are designed to eliminate human error and reduce the time taken for vote counting. EVMs consist of a control unit and a ballot unit, which are linked through a cable. The technology behind EVMs has evolved, but concerns regarding their transparency and security continue to persist.
About EVM Battery Functionality
The EVMs operate using non-rechargeable alkaline batteries, which are favoured for their reliability in various environmental conditions. Each control unit is powered by a pack of five alkaline cells, while the Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) employs thirty cells. This choice is strategic, as alkaline batteries provide a stable voltage output and can function effectively in extreme temperatures.
Battery Display and Misinterpretations
A crucial point of contention is the battery percentage displayed on EVMs. The ECI clarified that a display reading of 99% does not indicate a full charge; instead, it reflects a voltage range that can be misleading. The display only shows actual battery life once the voltage drops below a specific threshold. This system is designed to ensure that EVMs can operate effectively throughout the election process, even with a lower apparent battery percentage.
Transparency Measures by the Election Commission
In response to the allegations, the ECI has taken steps to clarify the functioning of EVMs. It updated its Frequently Asked Questions section to include detailed explanations of battery types and their operational parameters. The Commission also brought into light that any battery changes are conducted transparently, with the presence of candidates’ representatives to ensure accountability.
Historical Context of EVM Controversies
The debate surrounding EVMs is not new. Instances of alleged tampering and malfunction have been reported in previous elections, leading to calls for a return to paper ballots. However, studies have shown that EVMs can reduce the time taken for vote counting and are less susceptible to human error compared to traditional methods. The challenge remains in building public trust in the technology used for elections.
Questions for UPSC:
- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using Electronic Voting Machines in Indian elections.
- What measures can be taken to enhance transparency in the electoral process in India?
- Analyse the impact of technological advancements on electoral integrity.
- Evaluate the role of the Election Commission in addressing public concerns regarding EVMs.
- How can the credibility of electoral processes be improved in light of allegations of tampering?
