Recent events in Nepal mark political upheaval. The resignation of Prime Minister K P Sharma Oli ended a turbulent era. Nepal faces important transition towards democracy and development. India’s role in this process is vital. The regional stability of South Asia depends on how India engages with its neighbour. This engagement must go beyond defensive diplomacy to active support.
Context of Nepal’s Political Crisis
Nepal’s protests this week reflect deep-rooted discontent. The country has seen 17 prime ministers in 20 years. Leadership has been seen as old, nepotistic, and ineffective. Economic stagnation and rising inequality fuel public frustration. Nepal’s young population, with a median age of 25, demands change. Oli’s tenure included anti-India rhetoric and stalled reforms. This created strain in India-Nepal relations.
India’s Historical Engagement with Nepal
India has influenced Nepal’s political shifts since 1951. Major democratic transitions occurred in 1951, 1990, and 2006, with India playing a facilitating role. Each phase aimed to build a stable, federal democracy. India’s support has combined diplomacy and development assistance. The current crisis offers another chance for India to help shape Nepal’s future.
Challenges for India in Nepal’s Transition
India faces five key challenges. First, it must engage new Nepali leaders beyond traditional parties. Many young leaders are sceptical of India due to past conflicts. Second, India should avoid tying stability to individual leaders. Instead, it must promote multi-party democracy. Third, India must engage without appearing to interfere. Nepalese nationalism often resists perceived Indian dominance. Fourth, India must strengthen economic ties. Political change often leads to economic slowdown needing financial aid. Fifth, India should support Nepal’s development in technology, energy, transport, health, and education sectors.
Economic Interdependence and Development
Economic cooperation is central to India-Nepal relations. India has upgraded border infrastructure and given Nepal access to seaports. These moves have boosted Nepali exports. India supports Nepal’s hydropower projects, helping energy exports to Bangladesh. Nepal’s goal to become a middle-income country depends on increased trade and investment from India. Economic support can stabilise Nepal during political uncertainty and build long-term partnership benefits.
Diplomatic Tact and Regional Stability
India must balance assertiveness with sensitivity. Nepal views India as a regional hegemon with mixed effects. Indian policies should respect Nepal’s sovereignty and democratic aspirations. This approach will help India avoid backlash and maintain influence. A stable and democratic Nepal is in India’s strategic interest. It will contribute to peace and prosperity in South Asia.
Questions for UPSC:
- Critically discuss India’s role in supporting democratic transitions in South Asian countries with reference to Nepal.
- Analyse the impact of economic interdependence on political stability in India’s neighbouring countries.
- Examine the challenges of maintaining sovereignty and regional influence in India-Nepal relations.
- Estimate the role of youth demographics in shaping political transformations in South Asia and its implications for regional security.
