ISRO’s NVS-02 Satellite Faces Orbit Raising Challenges

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has encountered a technical setback with its NVS-02 satellite. Launched on January 29, 2025, this mission marked ISRO’s 100th launch. The satellite was intended to be positioned in a specific orbit through a series of orbit raising operations. However, a malfunction in the valve system has hindered these operations.

About NVS-02 Mission

• NVS-02 is the second satellite in the Navigation with Indian Constellation (NVS) series.
• It aims to enhance India’s navigation capabilities.
• The satellite was successfully injected into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit.
• Initial systems checks indicate that the satellite is functioning well despite the orbit raising issue.

Technical Malfunction Details

• The orbit raising operations were to be executed by the Master Control Facility in Hassan, Karnataka.
• A valve malfunction prevented the oxidiser from being admitted to the thrusters necessary for the manoeuvre.
• This issue has halted the planned operations, which are critical for placing the satellite in its designated orbital slot.

Current Status of NVS-02

• Despite the orbit raising challenges, NVS-02 remains healthy and operational in an elliptical orbit.
• ISRO is exploring alternative mission strategies to utilise the satellite effectively in its current position.
• Communication with the ground station has been established, and the solar panels are generating power nominally.

Technological Specifications

• NVS-02 is equipped with navigation payloads operating in L1, L5, and S bands, alongside a ranging payload in C-band.
• It incorporates a mix of indigenous and procured atomic clocks.
• This combination is essential for precise time estimation and navigation services.

Future Implications

The current situation raises questions about the reliability of satellite operations and the importance of robust engineering. ISRO’s response to this challenge will be closely monitored. The agency’s ability to adapt and implement alternate strategies will be crucial for the satellite’s utility in navigation services.

ISRO’s Achievements

ISRO’s 100th launch signifies a milestone in India’s space exploration journey. The successful deployment of the launch vehicle stages showcases ISRO’s engineering capabilities. As the agency navigates this setback, its previous successes provide a foundation for future missions and innovations.

Global Context

The challenges faced by ISRO are not unique. Other space agencies have encountered similar issues during satellite launches. These incidents often lead to advancements in technology and improved operational protocols. The global space community watches closely as ISRO addresses this situation.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Examine the significance of satellite navigation systems in modern technology.
2. Critically discuss the challenges faced by space agencies during satellite launches.
3. What are the key components of a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit? Discuss their importance.
4. With suitable examples, discuss the role of indigenous technology in enhancing national capabilities in space exploration.

Answer Hints:

1. Examine the significance of satellite navigation systems in modern technology.

1. Satellite navigation systems provide precise location and timing information globally.
2. They enable various applications including GPS for transportation, aviation, and maritime navigation.
3. Support critical infrastructure like telecommunications and emergency services.
4. Enhance efficiency in sectors such as agriculture, logistics, and urban planning.
5. Facilitate advancements in autonomous technologies, including self-driving vehicles and drones.

2. Critically discuss the challenges faced by space agencies during satellite launches.

1. Technical malfunctions, such as valve failures or software bugs, can halt operations.
2. Environmental factors, like weather conditions, can delay or cancel launches.
3. Budget constraints and funding issues impact the scope and frequency of missions.
4. International competition and geopolitical considerations can complicate collaboration.
5. Post-launch challenges, including satellite positioning and operational integrity, must be managed.

3. What are the key components of a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit? Discuss their importance.

1. A Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) consists of an elliptical path that allows satellites to reach geostationary orbit.
2. Key components include apogee (highest point) and perigee (lowest point) for efficient energy use during maneuvers.
3. It serves as a transitional orbit for satellites to achieve their final operational orbit.
4. GTO is crucial for minimizing fuel consumption during satellite deployment.
5. About GTO dynamics is essential for mission planning and execution in satellite launches.

4. With suitable examples, discuss the role of indigenous technology in enhancing national capabilities in space exploration.

1. Indigenous technology reduces dependency on foreign technology, as seen with ISRO’s launch vehicles like PSLV and GSLV.
2. Development of satellite systems, such as the Indian National Satellite System (INSAT), showcases self-reliance.
3. Indigenous atomic clocks in satellites improve precision in navigation and timing services.
4. Successful missions like Chandrayaan and Mangalyaan demonstrate capabilities in planetary exploration using homegrown technology.
5. Investment in research and development encourages innovation and builds a skilled workforce in the space sector.