The Jain trading community, originally invited by Shah Jahan during the construction of Shahjahanabad (Old Delhi) in the 17th century, has significantly impacted the architectural and cultural landscape of the region. The Jains, renowned for their roles as merchants, bankers, and moneylenders, not only held sway over the financial aspects of the city but also had a prominent presence in the court. Among numerous examples of their influence, the Jain temples in Delhi beautifully encapsulate the community’s rich historical legacy.
The Influence of the Jain Community under the Mughals
The Jains, a prosperous trading community, were welcomed to Delhi by Shah Jahan between 1628 AD-1658 AD when he was establishing the city now known as Old Delhi. Their economic prowess was such that even the later Mughals found themselves indebted to these skilled merchants and bankers. Furthermore, they held esteemed positions in the court, with their influence exemplified by figures like Raja Harsukh Rai, an imperial treasurer under Emperor Shah Alam II.
Raja Harsukh Rai’s Contribution to Jain Architecture
One of the noteworthy contributions of Raja Harsukh Rai was his dedication towards creating places of worship for the Digambar Jain sect in Shahjahanabad itself. Among the many serene temples erected under his patronage, the Naya Jain Mandir in Dharampura is a standout. Being the first Jain Temple in Shahjahanabad to feature a shikhar, or a towering spire, its entrance is a splendid recreation of wooden toranas, ornamental gateways used extensively in stone as decorative pieces.
The Aesthetic Appeal of the Jain Temples
The intricately crafted stone structures of Jain temples offer an airy, delicate aesthetic, despite being constructed from stone. The stonework, particularly in the shadows, evokes the effect of a crochet embroidered hanging. The sanctum itself is resplendent with lavishly decorated walls, arches, and ceiling. Additionally, a tiered and raised marble platform with an inlay work houses the revered image of Lord Adinatha, the first of the 24 Tirthankaras in Jainism. This attention to detail further extends to the temple’s ceiling, which features elaborate blue and gold bands, floral designs, and Jain iconography.
The Temple’s Operating Hours
Adhering to Jainism’s principle of non-violence, the temple only operates during daylight hours to avoid attracting mosquitoes and other insects that could potentially die due to artificial lighting. Thus, they ensure the preservation of life, a tenet intrinsic to Jain philosophy.
Some Facts about Jain Architecture
| Facts |
|---|
| Jain temples are known for their intricate stone carvings |
| Raja Harsukh Rai was instrumental in promoting Jain architecture in Shahjahanabad |
| The Naya Jain Mandir in Dharampura was the first Jain temple in Shahjahanabad to have a shikhar (towering spire) |
| The temple remains closed in the evenings as per Jain tenets of non-violence |
An Insight into Medieval Splendor
Ultimately, the grandeur and opulence of these Jain temples serve as testaments to the abundant and diverse artistry that thrived during the medieval period. They provide valuable insights into the extravagant aesthetics of both secular and religious buildings of the time.
