Researchers have used a CT scanner to examine a well-preserved fossil of Kylinxia zhangi, an extinct arthropod that thrived during the early Cambrian period, approximately 520 million years ago. The fossil was discovered near Chengjiang in China’s Yunan Province and is part of the Cambrian Chengjiang biota, which includes over 250 remarkably preserved ancient species. Kylinxia zhangi featured a segmented body with a fused head shield, three eyes, and formidable claws, possibly for hunting. Arthropods, a diverse group of invertebrates with jointed legs, constitute about 75% of Earth’s animal species, and they occupy various habitats worldwide.
Facts/Terms for UPSC Prelims
- Cambrian Chengjiang Biota: This term refers to a collection of remarkably well-preserved fossils from the Cambrian period found near Chengjiang, China. These fossils provide valuable insights into ancient marine life.
- Exoskeleton: An exoskeleton is a rigid external skeleton made of chitin, a complex sugar. It serves as both protection and structural support for arthropods, allowing them to maintain their shape and defend against predators.
- Segmented Bodies: Arthropods have bodies divided into distinct segments, typically including a head, thorax, and abdomen in insects. This segmentation enables specialization and flexibility in body parts.
- Jointed Appendages: Arthropods possess jointed limbs, such as legs, antennae, and claws, that are attached to their body segments. These appendages provide mobility, dexterity, and a wide range of functions.
- Bilateral Symmetry: Bilateral symmetry means that an organism’s body is symmetrical along a central axis, with a left and right side that mirror each other. This symmetry allows for efficient movement and coordinated sensory input.
- Open Circulatory System: Arthropods typically have an open circulatory system in which a fluid called hemolymph circulates in cavities and directly bathes internal organs. This system transports nutrients and oxygen without blood vessels.
