Sree Annam and Sree Manna: New Tapioca Varieties for Sustainable Farming

The ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (CTCRI) has introduced two innovative tapioca varieties. Named Sree Annam and Sree Manna, these varieties require less nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) than traditional high-yield types. This advancement is crucial in promoting sustainable agriculture practices.

Overview of New Varieties

Sree Annam and Sree Manna are designed to yield between 30 to 40 tonnes per hectare. They require only 25% of the standard NPK fertiliser recommendations. For comparison, traditional varieties need 100:50:100 kg per hectare, while the new varieties need just 25:12.5:25 kg. This reduction in fertiliser input is step towards sustainable farming.

Characteristics of Sree Annam

Sree Annam features a cream rind and dark yellow flesh. Its beta-carotene content enhances its nutritional value. This variety can be stored for a week post-harvest without deterioration. This quality improves its marketability and profitability for farmers.

Characteristics of Sree Manna

Sree Manna has a pink rind and white flesh. It produces a larger number of dense, bigger roots. Additionally, it boasts a higher leaf area and longer leaf retention, which are beneficial for overall plant health and yield.

Benefits for Farmers

The introduction of these varieties aligns with the CTCRI’s focus on climate-resilient agriculture. By reducing the need for NPK fertilisers, farmers can lower their production costs. This will lead to increased profits while also contributing to reduced carbon emissions associated with fertiliser use.

Regional Suitability

Both varieties are particularly well-suited for cultivation in Kerala. Their excellent cooking quality and low cyanogenic glucoside content make them ideal for local culinary preferences.

Future Implications

The successful adoption of Sree Annam and Sree Manna can set a precedent for the development of more sustainable crop varieties. This innovation may inspire further research into crops that require fewer resources while maintaining high yields.

Research and Development Focus

The CTCRI is committed to developing more varieties that enhance food security and farmer income. The emphasis on low-input crops reflects a broader trend towards sustainable agricultural practices.

Conclusion on Sustainability

The advancements in tapioca cultivation reflect a growing recognition of the need for sustainable agricultural practices. The CTCRI’s efforts are paving the way for a future where farming can be both economically viable and environmentally friendly.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Examine the significance of developing climate-resilient crops in the context of global food security.
2. Discuss the impact of reducing fertiliser use on the environment and agricultural productivity.
3. Critically discuss the role of research institutions in promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
4. With suitable examples, discuss the economic benefits of introducing low-input crop varieties for farmers.

Answer Hints:

1. Examine the significance of developing climate-resilient crops in the context of global food security.

1. Climate-resilient crops can withstand extreme weather conditions, ensuring stable food supply.
2. They help in adapting agriculture to climate change, maintaining productivity in adverse conditions.
3. These crops reduce dependency on chemical inputs, promoting sustainable farming practices.
4. Enhancing food security involves improving yield stability and reducing crop failures.
5. Global food security is threatened by population growth; climate-resilient crops can help meet increasing demands.

2. Discuss the impact of reducing fertiliser use on the environment and agricultural productivity.

1. Lower fertiliser use decreases soil and water pollution from runoff, protecting ecosystems.
2. It reduces greenhouse gas emissions associated with fertiliser production and application.
3. Farmers can save costs, enhancing profit margins while maintaining productivity levels.
4. Over-fertilisation can lead to soil degradation; reducing inputs promotes healthier soils.
5. Balanced fertilisation practices can lead to sustainable agricultural systems and better crop resilience.

3. Critically discuss the role of research institutions in promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

1. Research institutions develop innovative crop varieties that require fewer inputs and are more resilient.
2. They provide scientific data and guidelines to farmers on sustainable practices and crop management.
3. Institutions facilitate training programs to educate farmers about sustainable agriculture techniques.
4. They collaborate with governments and NGOs to implement policies that support sustainable farming.
5. Research helps in identifying local challenges and developing tailored solutions for farmers.

4. With suitable examples, discuss the economic benefits of introducing low-input crop varieties for farmers.

1. Low-input varieties reduce fertiliser costs, increasing net income for farmers (e.g., Sree Annam and Sree Manna).
2. These varieties can yield comparable outputs, ensuring food security while lowering expenses.
3. Farmers benefit from better market value due to improved quality and shelf life of crops.
4. Reduced reliance on chemical inputs leads to lower environmental compliance costs.
5. Examples like hybrid rice varieties show increased profitability through lower production costs and higher returns.