Palmyra tree (Borassus flabellifer) is the state tree of Tamil Nadu. It is of economic importance for the state, as no part of the tree goes waste.
When Cyclone Gaja battered the Tamil Nadu coast in 2018, the hardy Palmyra trees remained unaffected while other trees got uprooted. Owing to their resilient nature, most Palmyra trees remained intact after the cyclone, testimony to their ability to withstand heavy winds and rains. Their strong, flexible trunks bend but don’t break while the lightweight crown of fan-shaped leaves offers less resistance to gusts. The fibrous roots bind the soil well, preventing erosion during storms.
Climate Resilient & Environment Friendly
Palmyra palm is highly climate resilient, adapting well to coastal, dry and fertile agro-climatic conditions. A native of tropical climates, it thrives on only rainfall without need for irrigation. Palmyra trees are excellent carbon sequesters, absorbing 20 kg of CO2 per tree annually. Planted around water bodies, their water retaining spongy roots aid groundwater recharge.
Served Tamil Society for Centuries
Revered as Kalpavriksha, the Palmyra’s role in Tamil culture and tradition has been immense. Palmyra leaf manuscripts have preserved ancient Tamil literary treasures while the leaves are used for religious Hindu rituals. The split trunk serves as durable roof beams while leaves form thatching material. Before plastic emerged, palmyra fibre made household items and coir served as rope. Almost every part of the tree fulfilled daily needs, prompting native cultivation.
Decline & Impact on Ecology
Urbanization, the toddy trade ban and disinterest of younger generation in climbing jobs led to largescale felling of palms earlier. Vast tracts of palmyra trees that earlier formed natural green barriers around villages disappeared. Their loss exposed the communities to increased human-animal conflicts and vagaries of climate while shelter and nesting sites of birds reduced.
Health Benefits Drive Renewed Interest
Though jaggery and neera from the palm are age old food items, present day nutrition research indicating their healthfulness has revived interest. The sugar obtained from the sap is unrefined and retains nutrients unlike commercial jaggery. Toddy in moderation provides antioxidants and micro-nutrients. The jelly-like seeds are delicious. Such merits are driving demand for palm products.
Livelihood Potential for Rural Communities
Palmyra trees are now being seen as a means for sustainable income in rural areas. While selling trees for firewood earns a pittance, value addition of byproducts fetches far greater returns. On average annual yield per tree allows income generation of Rs 1.5 lakhs per acre. Women SHGs making artifacts and food items are earning well.
State Sponsored Development Mission
To boost Palmyra production, the Tamil Nadu government has launched an integrated Palmyra Development Mission. It focuses on research for better yields, large scale planting of 76 lakh seeds across farmlands and public spaces, skill training and financial aid to dependant communities.