The article begins with a tribute paid to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj by the President of India. Furthermore, the Goa government released a short film about him on the anniversary of his coronation day (6th June). This article delves into various significant aspects of Shivaji Maharaj’s life, including his birth, early life, important battles, conflict with the Mughals, and his administration.
Birth and Early Life of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was born on 19th February 1630 at the Shivneri Fort in Pune District, presently in Maharashtra. He was the son of Shahaji Bhonsle, a Maratha general who held Pune and Supe’s jagirs under the Bijapur Sultanate, and Jijabai, whose deeply religious nature greatly influenced him. As a teenager, he showed his military prowess for the first time in 1645 by successfully gaining control of the Torna Fort, then under Bijapur, followed by the Kondana Fort.
Significant Battles Led by Shivaji Maharaj
Shivaji Maharaj fought numerous key battles, including the Battle of Pratapgad in 1659 and the Battle of Pavan Khind in 1660. In 1664, he led the sacking of Surat. Other fights include the Battle of Purandar and the Battle of Sinhagad in 1670. The final battle he fought was the Battle of Sangamner in 1679.
Conflict with the Mughals
Shivaji Maharaj’s conflicts with the Mughals began when he raided Mughal territories near Ahmednagar and in Junnar, in 1657. Despite initial setbacks, Shivaji Maharaj continued his campaigns, which resulted in the sacking of Surat in 1664. As a part of the Treaty of Purandar in 1665, he was forced to relinquish some forts to the Mughals, which sparked further conflicts.
The Arrest and Cunning Escape of Shivaji Maharaj
Shivaji’s meeting with Aurangzeb in Agra in 1666 ended with his arrest after feeling insulted by the Mughal emperor. However, he cleverly escaped from imprisonment in disguise with his son. Subsequently, there was peace between the Marathas and the Mughals until 1670.
Achievements and Titles Held by Shivaji Maharaj
Despite his struggles, Shivaji Maharaj launched successful military campaigns to recover many territories from the Mughals. He earned various titles like Chhatrapati, Shakakarta, Kshatriya Kulavantas, and Haindava Dharmodhhaarak. His Maratha Kingdom grew extensively, becoming a dominant Indian power in the early 18th century.
Death of Shivaji Maharaj
After achieving numerous victories, Shivaji Maharaj passed away in Raigad in 1680. His final resting place is at the Raigad Fort.
The Administration of Shivaji Maharaj
Shivaji Maharaj founded a central administration, greatly inspired by the Deccan style. His revenue administration included significant changes like abolishing the Jagirdari System and replacing it with the Ryotwari System. His military administration consisted of a disciplined and efficient army. The army was divided into Infantry, Cavalry, and Navy.
The Legacy of Shivaji Maharaj at Raigad Fort
Raigad Fort, initially known as Rairi, became the seat of Shivaji’s government by 1664. Under Shivaji’s rule, the fort underwent numerous enhancements and emerged as a significant site for his challenge against the Adilshahi dynasty and Mughals. It also opened up routes towards Konkan, thereby extending his power.
This article has provided detailed insights into various aspects of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s life, his battles, and his administration style, shedding light on his contributions to Maratha history.
